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m&t I ^m in nixie; 



SIXTEEN MONTHS 



BY ABJUTAJfT S. H. M. BT£BS. 




DANSVtllE, NEW-YORKi 

KOBBIN0 * rOOBE, PBIMTBBS, BXFBB8S PBIMTINO BO0SB. 

i868. , 



7^^ 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by 

S.H. M. BYERS, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 

Northern District of New- York. 



DEDICATION. 

1 gratefally dedicate Ibis little Story ot my Priwon life to 
EDWARD EDWARDS , 

The old Slave, of Coliunbia, South Carolina, who aided me in my escape to 
Freedom. 

Our chains fell off together, and I would not now ask a privilege or right 
from my Country that I would not wiUingly accord to him. 

THE AUTHOR. 



TO fHE KEABEE. 

This note is not written to ask tlie Critic to spare his btereotyped criticism 
upon my unpolished Story, nor yet to apologize to Rebels for having written 
the same ; but simply to say that the work would have appeared long ago 
bad not eontinued illness— the result of imprisonment— forbade the labor 
necessary to prepare it for the press. 

The narrative Is mostly an extension of my diary, kept in prison, while many 
of the pages are extracts, verbatim, Irom the diary, as written and afterwards 
brought through the lines by myself. It is not a story ot what others said, 
or heard, or saw ; but incidents that occurred under my own obeervation, 
and incredible as it may seem, the half has not been told. Nor can I be 
accused of printing these pages to stir anew the smouldering flames that 
would faiu consume the perpetrators of these hellish crimes, for while outrage 
and murder of loyal citizens eontinue in the South, our Nation will not readily 
forget her fourteen thousand murdered sons who sleep, uncoffined, at An> 
dersonville alone,— nor yet her thousands of human wrecks who walk oar 
land— the victims of Southern cruelty and hate. 



COIVTEIVTS. 



At VIcksburg — Chattanoogn— The March to Chatanooga — Battle of Lookout 
Moantain and Mission Ridge— The Capture — The Chiokamauga Dead. 

Page I. 

CHAPTKB H. 

March to Kingston, Georgia — Rebel Army Retreating -Robbing Prisoners- 
Cold Nights— Sleeping in the Woods — Loyal Tennesseeans chained as De- 
serters — Atlanta — Augusta — On Exhibition — Our Reception by the South 
Carolina Chivalry — Poetry — Raleigh, N. C — Dinner at Weldon — Arrival at 
Richmond— Belle Isle — Libby Prison— Major Tamer — Robbed again — Fresh 
Fish in Libby Page 6. 

OHAFTEB m. 

Appearance of Libby Prison— How the prisoners Lived there — Papers and 
Boxes from the North — How the prisoners spend their Time— String Band — 
Gen. Neal Dow— Poetry — Boxes from the North robbed by the Rebels— Price 
List of Provisions — Whisky $75,00 per Gallon— Captains Sawyer and Flynn un- 
der Sentence of Death — Execution Postponed — Col. Straight confined in Dun- 
geon — Rumors of Exchange — Christmas in Prison — Poelry in Libby — Butler 
appointed Commissioner of Exchange — Is declared an Ont-law and a Beast 
by the Rebel Government — What we did with the Beef bones — The New Year 

— Capt. Mast, the Funny ham-fat-man— Visit from John Morgan, the Raider 

Libby Rations— Three men shot in Belle Isle— Pollard, the Rebel Editor 

Richmond on a Scare— The Great Tunnel — An escape of Prisoners— Infamous 
Order of Maj. Turner — Kilpatrickthe Raider— Exchange of Prisoners- Speech- 
es by Jefl Davis and the Governor of Virginia — Prisoner shot for looking out of 
the Window — Murder of Lt. Forsyth — Butler Recognized — Belle Isla prisoners 
Bent to Andersonville— Rebel Congress — Last day in Libby Prison. . Page 11 
CHiun'ER rv. 

A Trip South — Augusta Home-guards — Macon, Georgia — Capt.Tabb — Murder of 
Capt. Guierson — Digging Tunnels — Poetry Page 33 

CHXFTER V. 

Death of General Polk — 4th of July in Prison— Threats of opening Cannon on 
the Prison — Escaped — A night in the Swamps of Georgia — A Yankee in At- 
lanta — Specimen of Southern Unionists — Loyal Irishman — In the battle of At- 
lanta— Samuel Hawkins, of the 9th Alabama— Recaptured— A kind Rebel-Gen. 
Hume— Col. Hill, of the Rebel Army —Return to prison-Southern press. Page 37 

CHAPTER n. 

Fail to Escape — Under fire of our own Guns— City Jail, Charleston— Burned Dis- 
trict— Swamp Fox— Shell from Morris Island— ReUliai ion —The first soldier 
killed-More prisoners- Yellow Fever-Cannonading-After the Battle. Page 49. 

CHAPTER VII. 

Moved-Escape of Officers — Camp Sorghum-Voting -Poctry-Kecaptured-Cave 
-Murder of Lt. Ecking— Blood-nounds-Battle of Franklin-Sherman's March to 
the Sea-Second Christmas-Sending letters in a Man's Leg-Peace Mission-Es- 
cape of Maj. Sill-Edward Edwards-Escaped-With Sherman-Dispatches to 
Grant and President- At Sea- A Furlough-Home Page 66. 

Appendix — Andersonville as it was and is — ^List of Officers of Army and Nayy 
Confined at Columbia, South Carolina Page 92. 



CHAPTER I. 

ViCKSBURG was ours ! We had celebrated the Fourth 
of July, 1863, by receiving the arms and banners of thirty 
thousand Rebels, who looked on .in amazement while wq 
planted our colors on the old Court House, in the City, and 
sang : " Rally 'round the Flag, Boys ! " 

My regiment, the gallant Fifth Iowa, was reposing on its 
laurels — well-earned by many a march and hard-fought bat- 
tle. We were on duty as Post Guards ; pleasant duty, but not 
to last. 

The summer was passing .away, and battles were being 
lost and won. Rosencrans and Bragg met like two tornadoes 
at Chickamauga, and, after a terrible battle, our forces were 
compelled to fall back to Chattanooga, — a town on the Ten- 
nessee river, and under Lookout Mountain. 

Here, in the mud and rain, — hungry, dispirited and de- 
feated, lay the grand army of the Cumberland. What was to 
be done ! Some one had blundered, and our Cause seenied to 
be in. the ebb, By the middle of October, 1§63, our camp was 
in an uproar. News had come ! Grant had superseded 



2 WHAT 1 SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

Rosencrans, and orders had come for Sherman to take his 
corps — twenty-five thousand strong — up the river to Mem- 
phis, and then march to Grant, at Chattanooga. With the 
promptness peculiar to that accomplished soldier, Sherman 
soon had us on board the boats, and moving up to Memphis. — 
Then commenced a long and weary march, through the en- 
emy's country ; but our boys were old soldiers — bearing their 
scars from many a hard-fought field. 

By the 22d of November the march was done, and we 
were placed on the left of the grand army fronting the rebel 
hosts, securely posted on Lookout Mountain and Mission 
Ridge. Our army now numbered near one hundred thousand 
men, and Grant was our leader. The rebel army was nearly 
&s strong, and commanded by Lt. Gen'l Bragg. 

The battle commenced on the 22d inst., near Lookout 
Mountain, in front of Joe Hooker. On the evening of the 23d 
Gen. Thomas, commanding the centre of our army, moved for- 
ward one mile, and captured the rifle pits of the enemy, after 
two hours of artillery and musketry practice. At 3 o'clock on 
the morning of the 23d, ( November ), our corps, consisting of 
five Divisions, commenced crossing the Tennessee in pontoon 
boats. The enemy was on the opposite bank, and we could 
not put down the pontoon bridge. It was very dark, and the 
first regiment over the river captured the pickets of the enemy 
without firing a gun. It was a strange spectacle ; an army 
rowing across a wide and rapid river — and that in the front 
of a powerful enemy — into whose hands the darkness might 
betray us ; but Sherman was our leader, and not a heart fal- 
tered. 

By daylight we were well over, and our flags floated to 
the breeze on the hills, and in the valfeys adjoining " Mission 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 3 

Ridge" — one of the strongest positions ever held by an 
army. 

The morning of the 25th was clear and warm ; one of 
those beautiful Autumnal days so common in the South. The 
first part of the day was spent in gaining position which was 
attended by heavy and continued skirmishing. By 12 m. 
Sherman was ordered to advance and storm the mountain in 
his front, and attack the enemy's right Aving, under Hardee. — 
It was a desperate undertaking ; but it was the order, and we 
moved. 

The advance was made in fine style, under a heavy stori|^ 
of shot and shell. It seemed as if every foot of the valley was 
swept by the Rebel Batteries, securely posted along the 
mountain. 

" Forward, boys ! Double-quick, — Steady, Charge ! " — 
and away we dashed through the leaden storm of bullets, that 
grew thicker and fiercer as we advanced. 

" Oh, it was grand ! 

Like the tempest we charged, in the triumph to share — 
The tempest — its fury and thunder were there ; 
On, on o'er entrenchments, o'er living and dead — 
With the Foe under foot, and our Flag overhead ! 
Oh, it was grand ! " 

The valley was crossed, and we were at the bottom of the 
mountain. Many had already fallen, and noAV we were met 
by double lines of Rebels, who were coming down the moun- 
tain-side like an avalanche. It was too much ; our Brigade 
was temporarily repulsed, our leader — the brave Gen. Mat- 
thies — and a host of other gallant ofiicers, were shot ; but the 
boys rallied, and the rebel lines were pierced at six different 



4 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

points. Over the mountain we charged — the day was ours — ■ 
and the " back-bone of the rebellion was broken. " 

It was in the first charge on the face of the mountain that 
eighty of my regiment, including myself, were captured. — 
I was then near the mouth of the tunnel that ran under the 
mountain. The first line of rebels dashed down by me, shoot- 
ing my wounded and retreating comrades. I was now be- 
tween two lines of the enemy, and among the rocks. I picked 
up a copy of Bonner's Ledger, which one of the boys had- 
dropped, and waved it in token of my surrender; but they 
" did n't read the Ledger, " and fired on me immediately. I 
^hen ran down toward the line below me ; but I was a 
"goner!" ' ' 

"You Yankee son of a • ! come out of. that sword, 

and run to the top of the hill, or we will blow you to 
h— 1!" exclaimed one of the "gray-coats." 

I did not stop to argue the point then, but marched at the 
point of a bayonet to the top of the mountain. 

By this time our lines had rallied, and were coming with 
a yell. 

' The day was ours, but I was a prisoner in the hands of a 
more than barbarous foe. In a hollow behind the mountain I 
found the remainder of my captive comrades. There were 
eighty of my own regiment, of whom only sixUen lived to re- 
turh from prison. "" ^'^'^ "" ^' "' '"^ "'"^^ ' '' 

We were at once put on the retreating march, for the 
camp-fires of the " yankees " blamed oh the mountain behind 
ti^, and We could heal* the glad cries bf victory. We were 
taken %kck. to the Chickamauga battle-field —^ giv^i a feW 
crackers, and ordered to maTch ail night. ' '' * 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 5 

The battle of Chickaraauga was fouglit a month previous, 
yet the Union dead were still unburied ; as we were marched 
by the field we were tauntingly told that " If we could not see 
our dead brothers on the field, we could at least smell them. " 



CHAPTER II. 

"From here to Kingston, Georgia, is eighty miles, and 
you must walk there rapidly as possible ; " said the rebel, Cap- 
tain Mace, who had charge of us. And so we started down 
the railroad — walking on the ties — with a line of saucy reb- 
els on each side of us, 

I had scarcely slept for a week ; and now, tired and hun- 
gry, I must walk all night. But I slept some ; yes, strange as 
it may seem, I would sleep as I walked, — and if we 
stopped for a few moments' rest, nothing but kicks and curses 
would compel us to start again. 

Daylight came, when we had a short rest, near the town 
of Ringold. By 9 o'clock we were again on the march, and 
were in Dalton by dark. Here we would have had a few 
hours' rest ; but the " yankee army " was coming, a hundred 
thousand strong; and the " rebs, " not liking the growl of 
Sherman's " dogs of war, " moved on quietly, but rapidly. 

At noon of the 28th, we passed the fortified town of Re- 
sacca, on the Chatahoochie river. Here some of us were again 
searched and robbed. Lt. O'Brien, of St. Lpuis, asked to be 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 4 

allowed to keep his fine comb. "No," said the chivalro\is 
rebel, " you can go lousy, damn you ! " 

On we went to Calhoun, where we received some crackers ; 
then we marched to near Kingston, and camped in the woods. 
The night was cold and windy, so Ave could not sleep. They 
marched some rebel " deserters, " as they called them, with urf ; 
but they were loyal Tennesseeans, and would not fight, so they 
were chained in couples and were now on their way to the 
prison ; or, more likely, the gallows. * 

November 30th Avas cold and dreary ; we were placed in 
dirty stock-cars, and started for Atlanta. At dark we passed 
Marietta, — the home of Stevens, Vice President of the Con- 
federate States, The prisoners huddled together, and kept 
warm ; but two of the guards froze to death, on top of the 
train. 

Before midnight we were in Atlanta, and remained in a 
cold, dark pen, without any fire, until the next day. 

December 1st was spent in Atlanta. Here we met two of 
our officers, who had been in chains for months, for some tri- 
fling offence. 

From Atlanta we were taken to Augusta, on the Savan- 
nah river. The town is beautiful — the river dark and muddy. 
The people are not rejoicing over recent battles, as their 
wounded sons and brothers are now coming in by the car-load. 
There is a great rush among men, women and children, to see 
the " hated yankees. " Barnum, with all his monkeys and 
bears, could never draw such crowds of inquisitors as we have 
here. 

In the evening we cross the river, and tread our " hire- 
ling " feet upon the sacred soil of South Carolina. Away we 
" I have since learned that these men were shot. 



« WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

go for the Capital of the State, and by daylight we are again 
on exhibition ; this is the finest town with the most lieartles? 
people I have seen in Dixie. We were taken tli rough the 
streets, and received the jeers, taunts and cui-ses, of a bitter 
enemy. " 

Here they changed us to cars, dirtier, and crowded still 
worse than before ; yet this was in the Capital of South Car- 
olina, and we were iii the hands of the Palmetto Chivalry. — 
We bore their insults in silence, but did not forget them. Af- 
terwards, when I had escaped, \ saw them in their grief; I saw 
their city burn to ashes, and their proud spirits laid low in the 
dust. Their great men were fallen, and their proud men Avere 
beggars ; then I could not but recall to mind the bitter senti- 
ments of Byron, so strongly poured forth in Mazeppa. 

" We paid them well in after days — 
There was not of their castle — gate, 
Stone, bar, moat, bridge or barrier left ; 
I saw their turrets in a blaze — 
Their crackling battlements all cleft ! 
And the hot lead pour down, like rain 
From off the scorched and blackening roof, 
Whose thickness was not vengeance- proof. 
They little thought that day of pain, 
When launched, as on the lightning's flash, 
They bade us to destruction dash ! 
That one day we should come again 
With twice five thousand men. 
To thank them for their uncourteous ride. 
But time at last sets all things even — 
And if we do but watch the hour. 
There never yet was human power 
Which could evade, if unforgiven. 
The patient search and vigil long, 
Of him who treasures up a wrong." 

1 • 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 9 

• 

By the 6tli of December we v;crc in Ro.Ieigh, the Capital 
of North Carolina. We were' treated peaceably and decently 
at this city. From Raleigh we were harried on to Weldon, N. 
C, where we halted for one day, and were allowed to bny our 
dinner at a little tavern. Bill of fare: corn-bread, tiirnipi?, 
potatoes and tough beef, for which we paid three dollars each. 
Here Ave exchanged what few "greenbacks" we had managed 
to hide when first robbed, for Confederate notes, at the rate of 
five for one. 

From Weldon we went to Tvichmond, via. Petersburg ; 
the latter place we reached at midnight. Hei^e we slept 
in the cars till morning, then entered the Capital of " the Con- 
federate States of America ! Big title, big city, big chivalry ! 
Over the long bridge we go Down below, ahnost under us, is 
" Belle Isle, " with its five thousand prisoners, shivering iji the 
cold wind from the river James.. 

Halt ! What buikling is this, so much like a ware-house ? 
It is the famous "Libby Prison. " 

Maj. Thomas P. Turner, in command, comes forward and 
says : ^ 

" Gentlemen, it becomes my duty to relieve you of all 
money and valuables in your possession, before you enter the 
prison. " 

We demurred ; no use — 

" Fork it out, or be chained in the dungeon. " 

A few had money in the soles of their boots ; some had it 
in their mouths, and thus saved it. But we passed muster, and 
were told to march up stairs ; the door swung to, and we Avere 
" fresh-fish " in Libby. Now commenced the initiatory cere- 
monies by the older 2:>risoners. " Fresh-fish ! " " Fresh-fish ! " 
" Oon't touch him ! " " Who are n't lousy ! " " Put him in 



10 WhXt I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

pickle!" ''Give 'em the ' bill of fare !* " "Yf here's your 
sword — Avho thinks he has a nice thing of it! " " Who wants 
rations — who likes copiDerheads ! " 

"Fresh-fish, fresh-fish ! " was the astonishing reply given 
iu a loud voice, at the other end of the room, to each of these, 
and a hundred other, strange queries. 

But in an hour's time Ave had shaken hands all around, 
said " how d' ye do, " and told the ncAvs from "God's land," 
to unlucky rejiresentatives from almost every State in the 
Union. 

Maine Avas tliere, — Minnesota, California, and even North 
Carolina. AVe all shook hands, and rejoiced that, though Ave 
Avere in prison, a million more Avere ready and Avilling to take 
our places, and plant the flag even in the city of Kich.moud, 
and over the Avails of " Lihhy Prison. " 



CHAPTER III. 

;Most prisons are lonesome, dark and quiet. Not so 
Avith Libby ; for there are six hundred officers huddled togeth- 
er here, and sometimes the confusion makes it a second Babel. 
There is no glass in the windows,, hence we have light for the 
present, and for that matter, air, too. 

The prison stands on the James river, with the Kanawha 
canal between. It is three stories high. The upper rooms are 
used for prisoners ; the lower for officers and guards. It was 
formerly a ship-chandler's store-room, and owned by Libby & 
Son ; hence its name._ 

This is my second day in prison, and I have been around 
the " city " of Libby ; ( for its bustle and noise resemble a 
city in-doors. ) I have not met one familiar face yet ; but 
there is a splendid opportunity for extending one's acquaint- 
ance. I am placed in the upper, east room ; each group of 
half a dozen has a temporary table made from old boxes, 
which answers at once for table, cupboard and wardrobe. 
When night comes the seats etc., are piled on top of the tables, 
and we stretch out upon the floor to sleep, to dream, — ■ 



12 * WHAT I SAW IN dixie; oe, 

perchance, of battle-fields ; or, what is SAveeter, home and kin- 
dred friends. When morning comes the blankets are rolled 
np, the corn-bread is disposed of, and then commences another 
day of painful anxiety and hope deferred. For weeks and 
months they liave been hoping and expecting exchange, or 
something that would release them from suif^|:ing. 

An occasional j^aper from the North finds its way into 
the prison, and from one of these I learn thj^t I was killed (?) 
at one of the recent battles. Gratifying intelligence, truly I 
But I am convinced of the untruthfulness of the statement, 
having just pinched myself, and find that it is I, and that I 
"still live!" 

To-day I wrote some letters home, which I expect to send 
North by flag of truce. These truce-boats meet in the James 
river, near Fort Darling. By them we receive an occasional 
line from the North. 

We received a few boxes of clothing, etc., to-day, from 
the Sanitary Commissions in the North. God bless them for 
it ! In some of the pockets and stockings, letters were found, 
written by tlie fair hands that made them. These letters 
contained sweet words of sympathy and encouragement. 
Oh ! fair and stranger writer, you little know what a heal- 
ing balm you put upon our bleeding wounds. We know, 
now, that we are not forgotten, — and that the Avomcn of the 
North are true-hearted and loyal. God bless them all. 

We are not all idle here. Every grouj) of four or jBve ia 
at something to help pass away the time that drags so drearily 
along. For amusement, if for nothing else, I Avill note the- 
manner in which the different groups are engaged at the pres- 
ent moment. 

Party number one, reading a magazine ; No. two, playing 



SIXTEElN" MONTHS IN EEBEL PRISONS. 13 

cards ; No. three, discussing the propriety of arming negroes ; 
No. four, reading ; No. five, playing the violin ; No. six, cards ; 
No. seven, reciting in Latin ; No. eight, playing back -gam- 
mon ; No. nine, at chess ; No. ten; writing a diary ; No. elev- 
en, smoking; No. twelve, reading the Bible; No's thirteen 
and fourteen, making bone rings to sell for rations, or to carry 
home as " relics of * modern barbarism ! ' " Among the pris- 
oners are fine singers and musicians. Some money has been 
raised, and a few instruments purchased ; so that now we have 
a string band, and at times Libby presents occasions as merry 
as a marriage bell. But this is the bright side of prison life, 
that is shaded by long and wearisome days, the thoughts of 
home and- liberty, and above all, the iron bars and frowning 
sentinels, that seem to say : " Stand back ; you have no free- 
dom now. " 

With four others — Capt's Page and Bascom, Lieut's Aus- 
tin and Hoffman — I am located in the upper, cast room. At 
a table near my left is a son of Admiral Paulding — a noble 
young man and a fighting patriot. Near our right is Brig. 
Gen. Neal Dow — the great temperance reformer, and origina- 
tor of the " Maine Licpior Law." Intemperance seems to wor- 
ry him but little, here, as he spends most of his time playing 
chess or reading. He is a small, gray-haired man, with gray 
eyes ; is an agreeable speaker, and is much respected by all 
who know him in prison. A good joke is told of him, which 
afterwards appeared in the " drawer " of Harper's Weekly. — 
The prison abounded in vermin, and nothing but continued 
" skirmishing, " as we called it, would keep them at bay. 
One morning the General, with back and shoulders in a state 
of nudity, was sitting by the light busily hunting the seams 
of his old, red shirt. An officer approaching, said : 



14 WHAT I SAW IX DIXIE ; OR, 

" What, General ! you are not lousy I hope. " 
" jSTo, " replied the General; " Bid my shirt is ! " 
The 15th of December was a cold day in prison, but we 
kept warm by dancing, jumping, etc. A flag of truce goes 
North, and I send the followfng " piece of silliness " to my old 
friend. Will. Edmundson. ^ 

Well, William! my boy, 'tis in prison, I- thank ye; 

They've got me, at last, just for being a "j'ankce! " 
And waiting, I am, for the paps to arrange 

That beautiful system they call "an exchange" — 
And while I am waiting, t^jis letter I'll ser.d 

By the first fing of trnce— the poor yankee's fiiend. 
I am well — what more could a prisoner wish ? 

Unless women and wine could be served in one dish ! 
'Twas a very warm time, Will, the day of the "spree," 

When they nabbed us, and brought us up here — do you see? 
Twas a dodging of grape shot and dodging of shell — 

i'^nd I thought, once or twice, we were all gone to 

Thunder without any sail ! 

'Till the smoke cleared away, and v.-e landed in jail. 

A few boxes of provisions are being received, by those 
who sent for them months ago. Before delivering them, how- 
'Cver, the rebels subject them to a close search, to discover 
whether they may not contain greenbacks or other contra- 
l^ands of war. Cans of fruit are bursted open and probed with 
-ji stick — the same stick being used in all cans, whether of 
pickles or salt. Cheese is split open, bottles emijtied, and 
packages all torn loose and contents enii^tied, in search of Un- 
-cle iSam's almighty Dollar ; which, if found, is claimed by the 
chivalry as their property, we supj^ose by right of discovery. 

All new prisoners are calkd " fresh-f.sh! ; " and I noAV 
know what they meant l)y yelling fresh-fish so lustily when we 
c-a-me in on the 8 th. 



SIXTPJEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 15 

Weather out-doors is said to be quite cool ; and there is 
no over-heating in old Libby. 

I am reciting in Latin to Maj. Marshall, of the 5th Iowa. 
I progress favorably considering it is mostly done on an empty 
stomach. 

Our dinner to-day consisted of corn-bread dried beef and 
water ; but we do n't complain if it will^nly hold out at this. 
Greenbacks are not allowed in prison, yet the city brokers 
will give five " Confeds " for one of Uncle Sam's notes at 
any time. 

Ou* of the prisoners executed an excellent counterfeit 
five-dollar bill with a steel pen. He traded it for Confederate 
notes, and lived better for a week. 

The following is the price-list of provisions in the city for 
this week, copied from a rebel paper. Bacon, $3,00 per 
pound; potatoes, $18,00 per bushel; turkeys, $25.00 each; 
sugar, $3,50 perj)ound; beef, $1,00 per pound; butter, $5,00 
per 230und; whiskey, $75,00 per gallon. 

Captains Sawyer and Flynn — both of whom were sen- 
tenced to be hung, in retaliation for the hanging of two spies, 
b}^ Burnside — are among the prisoners. Sawyer is a German, 
from Cajse Island, New-Jersey. The day had been a.ppointed 
for his death, and jDcrmission granted to his wife to come and 
see him before he was hung. On the appointed day, she came 
as far as the rebel lines, but they refused to pass her further ; 
with a heavy, almost broken heart, she returned to her hom.e. ' 
For some reason the execution was postponed indefinitely ; and 
the two officers now live in terrible anxiety of mind. 

Col. Straight is confined in the dungeon, under Libby, for 
endeavoring to eSect his escape. 

This part of Dixie is much disturbed, just now, hj a 



IQ WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

yaukee by the name of Averill, — who is racing over the coun- 
try, tearing up railroads and carrying fear to the hearts of 
many of Yirginia'is chivalry. 

Rumors of exchange of prisoners are current in the pris- 
on, and all are rejoicing in the prospects of speedy release. 
Vain hope ! Glorious expectations, but seldom realized. No 
mail, and not a word from home ; have they forgotten us ? 

Christmas in pim)n ! The day is cold and gloomy ; we 
have but little fuel for fire, so comfort is out of the question. 
I am thinking of the bright and happy firesides, to-day, in the 
far-off jSTorth. In my imagination I see the over-joy e«l faces; 
the parties ; the balls ; and hear the ringing of the merry, 
merry bells. Oh ! the hearts full of joy ; the laughing girls 
and boys, who wish that "Christmas might last all the year." 
Happy, joyous ones, I would not mar your enjoyment by 
having you, for a moment, think, to-day, of your friends in the 
dungeons *of the South. In the evening I wrote the following 
lines, and inscribed them to Capt. Sawyer, ^vho is under sen- 
tence of death. 

IN LIBBY. 

s 

Alone, alone ; how dark and drear 

Is life witliin this prison cell ; 
My cold, damp couch seems but a bier — 

My very voice a funeral knell 
That sadly tolls, amid my pains, 
In mockery of these iron chains. 

I hear the music of the bells 

Float out upon the Southern air : 
Now like the sea their chorus swells, 

Now faintly as the breath of prayer — 
Yet, lingering still , as if to bless 
My heart within its loneliness. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 17 

The tide comes up from out the bay — 

The sails ride to and fro ; 
I stand and watch them all the day, 

Out on the stream below. 
But bending sail, nor flowing sea, 
Brings one sweet word of joy to me. 

For treason taints the soft South air, 

And orphans cry aloud for bread ; 
While murder, stalking everywherS, 

Laughs o'er its own unburied dead, 
Till Hell seems bursting all aflame. 
And Freedom hides her face in shame. 

Oh ! strilie again, ye marshal'd hosts, 

Who draw the sword for Liberty ; 
For now, the hated tyrant boasts, "~ 

This land shall bow to Slavery. 
And yonder, where the blue cross waves, 
Goes up the shout " Ye, too, are slaves!" 

Let not the Past be all in vain, 
Nop pause to soothe thy widowed sorrow ; 

Thy heroes sleep upon the plain, 
And glory waits thee on the morrow. " 

For God will hold the freeman's hand, 

And guide thee, well, .my own proud land. 

During tlie past week a few hundred prisoners, from Belle 
Isle, were sent North ; so we, in Libby, are hoping for ex- 
change. Maj. Gen. Butler is now appointed Commissioner of 
Exchange, so we look for something to be done. But no ! He 
is scarcely appointed before the Rebel Government refuses t'of 
acknowledge him ; pronounces him an " out-law " and a beast, 
— ^not entitled to the rights of a man or a soldier. So we are 
disappointed ; and " exchange " is " below par ! " 

We have just heard of the great prize-fight, in England, 



18 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

between Heenan and Kini;-, in which Heenan was whipped. — 
Glad of it ! This may put an end to some of the notorious 
bragging, for which the jankee "fancy" is becoming famous. 

Many of the prisoners now occupy the time in making 
rings, watch-seals, bodkins etc., of beef-bones ; and the many 
articles that are daily whittled out, would do credit to a fan- 
cy-store, on Broadway. 

Only an occasional prisoner gives up to grim despair ; he 
grows melancholy, weak and careless ; finally, he sickens and 
dies. His remains are taken out and buried, Ave know not 
how or- where, — we never being allowed to assist at the funer- 
al of any one. 

December 31st, 11 o'clock at night! The old year is al- 
most gone. We have been allowed to keep lights burning in 
the prison later, to-night, than usual. I have spertt the day, 
and thus far the night, in reading the " Unionist's Daughter" — 
a history of many of the thrilling events occurring in Tennes- 
see. What those loyal, suffering people have endured, God 
only knows. It costs Northern men comparatively little to be 
true to their country, but the loyal Southerner buys his prin- 
ciples and love^ of country, at the sacrifice of friends, jiroperty, 
home, and often life itself. ^ 

I learn by the rebel papers tliat thousands of the Union 
men of East Tennessee are fugitives in the mountains ; and are 
*'hunted doAvn like wild beasts." Let the rebel persecutors be- 
ware ! There is a dread future yet to come ; the lane is long 
that has no turn, and Fortune's wheel is still moving. Might 
will not always triumph over Eight. Freedom will yet assert 
her own, even in the dark and dreary mountains of the South. 
Truth is there, and sooner or later Vengeance will come, fol- 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN EEBEL PEISONS. 19 

lowed hy the burning homes and broken hearts of a yidowed 
State. 

We commence the new year this morning, -with cold 
weather, and the "meal-barrel almost empty!" There is 
nothing we can do whereby to warm ourselves, unless it be — 
pounding, scuffling, or dancing a jig to- the cold winds that 
whistle through our ojDen windows, from the river James. At 
it we go: "balance all — swing partners ; " but it is a "Stag- 
dance " after all — and there 's no fun, so we give that up. — 
"A song for the New Year! " Capt. Mass — the funny "Ham- 
fat-man — sings his funniest song, and we all join in the "cho- 
rus." Bless us ! What harmony ; what concord of aweet 
sounds. "Kingdom Coming," and " John Brown," Avhere are 
you ? Such a welcome to the New-Year ncA^er went up from 
j^risoji-house before. "On v/ith the dance; let joy be uncon.- 
lined ! " and again the old floor quakes with the tramping 
troopers, as tliey dash iip and down the room, in waltz, polka 
or quadrille. 

Night conies at last, and the boys " turn in. " Not to 
sumptuous couch, vrith downy pillows j but to a single blanket 
— upon a dirty floor — to sleep, perchance to dream. 

The Rebel Congress is now in session in Richmond, and 
is dire and doleful in its attempts to peg up the Rebellion, that 
noAt' seems to be in the wane. Some of its promiuentX leaders 
are fast losing faith. All appear to feel that treason and re- 
bellion must soon cease, unless Fate sends some unlocked for 
relief. At present they are resolving in favor of wholesale con- 
scription, of every man and boy in the South — Avilling or un- 
willing. Others, still more desperate, cry out: "Arm the 
slaves! They will fight our battles for us;" Avhile "cuffy" 
grins, and says : "Yes, massa ! jest arm us, and you'll see 



20 WHAT I SAW IN dixie; or, 

what dis chile will do. Yes, massa ! we fight — fight herry 
hard ! " and his eyes glow with the hope that he may yet be 
able to strike a blow for himself. But the rebels are a little 
chary of their "faithful servants" as they call them. The 
darkey could and would fight ; but on which side was a ques- 
tion filled, to them, Avith uncertainties. 

How we, in prison, hoped that they Avould arm the slaves, 
and place them over us, instead of the miserable rascals and 
yillians, who now boast their intentions to have "yankee 
Bcalps. " 

" Money, or no money. " " Pay our debts, or not pay 
them. " These are questions now vexing the South, and the 
probability is that they will be answered by measures even 
worse than repudiation. Paper currency is poorly executed 
on an inferior quality of paper, and the result is that millions 
of dollars in counterfeit notes are now floating over the South. 
No attention, scarcely, is paid to the apperance of notes, and 
thus a counterfeit passes as readily as good money. 

The people are going wild over the finances. Exorbitant 
prices are demanded for everything. Five hundred^dollars are 
asked for a pair of boots, and every thing else in proportion. 

It is a criminal ofience to deal in U. S. notes or bonds, yet 
hundreds are speculating with them on the "sly." The know- 
ing ones are converting their effects into Uncle Sam's Treasury 
notes, and laying them by for a "rainy day" — when the "boys 
in blue" come marching along. 

The rebel raider, John Morgan, has escaped from the 
Ohio Penitentiary, and to-day came into Libby to pay us 
a visit. He is a rakish-looking chap, but is gentlemanly 
for all that. He spoke kindly to us, and appeared to sympa- 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN EEBEL TRISONS. ^-" 21 

tliize with us in our misfortune ; remarking that "the South 
was being disgraced by its cruel treatment of prisoners." 

The military and citizens turned -out en masse, and gave 
him a reception as the "Marion" of the South. 

The weather is very cold, and several of the j)oor fellows 
on Belle Isle froze to death last night, — while hundreds of the 
poorer families in Richmond are suffering for want of the most 
common necessaries of life. 

Brig. Gen. Neal Dow, who is a prisoner here, gave us a 
lecture, last evening, on temperance. It was full of interest,^ 
and delivered in a manner well worthy the reputation of its 
author. The General's principle is to punish the rum-seller, 
and not his victim — ^the drunkard. The reformation following 
the prohibition of rum-selling in Maine and other New-Eng- 
land States, proves the correctness of this principle. 

Neal Dow's style of speaking is neither strange or pecu- 
liar ; he does not possess the qualities of a loud declaimer, or 
the tricky- comedian — so common to temperance lecturers. — 
His voice is soft and clear, and the words flow with an ease al- 
most beyond conceptioif? His arguments are solid and orig- 
inal — interspersed with an occasional pleasantry — that makes 
his manner extremely agreeable. _ Some of the rebel officers 
came in, and listened to the lecture ; but thought it a poor af- 
fair, no donbt, as it came from a loyal man. 

" Hurrah ! hurrah ! " exclaimed some of the boys ; "there 'a 
our boxes from home, and all full of good thinfs ! " And so 
it was ; there was the schooner — laden with, boxes for the pris- 
oners — and thus expectations for "good things" ran high ; ea- 
gerly we watched, and patiently we waited. Days passed ; a 
few of the boxes were sent in — others were stolen by the 
guards ; finally, wholesale confiscatidn took the place of petty 



22 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

stealing — all that remained being sent to the rebel hospitals — 
and we may still go hungry. 

It seems to be the policy of our captors to give us as little 
food as possible themselves and allow none from our friends in 
the North, who are willing and anxious to relieve us. 

A mail has been received, but we have no letters until 
they have been inspected by the prison authorities. 

It is now the last of January. Without, the weather 
seems delightful,— =-which renders life in this dark and crowded 
pen almost unendurable. 

The rations at present are really horrible. Tliey consist 
of only a little hctlf-baked corn-bread, and a gill or two of rice. 
"Moderate" diet, truly. Some of the officers, who have mon- 
ey, purchase a little flour — at the modest rate of eight dollars 
per pound. What a contrast between the ration, given to the 
rebel prisoners, in the North, and the miserable, half-cooked 
stuff, eked out to Northern p»risoners, here in the South. 

Below is a list of provisions, received by the rebel prison- 
ers at Rock Island, Elmyra, and at other prisons in the North, 
m accordance with Government orders. 

Pork or Beef, 

Flour or Bread, 

Beans, 

Rice, 

Potatoes^ (desiccated) 

Vegetables, (mixed) • 

Sugar, 

Salt, 

Vinegar, and 

Coffee. 
And all of these, too, in abundant quantities, and of the best 



SIXTEEU MOnXIIS lU REBEL PRISOnS. 23 

quality. Truly, Uncle Sam furnishes food fit for the gods, — 
when compared witli Libby rations. 

Last night three of the inmates of Belle Isle made a futile 
effort to escape, and were shot — one of them seven times. 
There are now six thousand on the Island, and near one thou- 
sand here ; officers, only, are confined in Libby. "We are 
crowded almost to death— all sleeping upon the floor. It 
seems as though my "board" grows 'harder every night. The 
boys on the^Island have had no meat for eleven days, and now 
kill, cook and eat every dog that has the " misfortune "to stray 
■within the prison lines : yet Pollard — editor of the Kichmond 
Examiner — in an article this morning, says : " That 's right ; it 
is 'dog eat dog!'^' Oh, chivalry! where is thy shame? 

There are now nine hundred of the prisoners sick in the 
hospital. To-day the "Jennies" are placing iron bars over 
every window — -giving Libby the appearance of a Penitentiary. 

The first month of the new year'has slipped by, and I am 
still a prisoner — VN'aiting and watching for something to "turn 
up," as the phrase goes, but there seems Uttle, favorable, in 
the signs of the times. So I pet my patience, and wait. Now- 
a-days Libby is rather quiet, save when an officer attempts his 
escape, when, if detected, he is chained in the dungeon, under 

•the prison. 

As we have but little to eat we are seldom troubled witb 
"night-raare;" but on the contrary our dreams are usually 
sweet. Last night was cold again, and notwithstanding I had 
but a single blanket for bedding, and the " hard side " of a 
board for a couch, my dreams were uncommonly sweet. 
"I kissed thee, last night, in my dreams, Stih! 
And thy blushes but made thee more fair ; 
Oh ! sweet are the realms of sleep, Sub, 
When thou art the empress there. 



24 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

Sunday, Feb. 9tli. — All Richmond is in an uproar, to- 
day, as the Federal troops are advancing on the city, from the 
Peninsula. The bells are ringing the v.'ild alarm, and the 
streets are jammed with the excited mob; some exjiecting to 
defend the city and others to plunder it. It is confidently assert- 
ed that the yankees are coming to burn the Capital and release 
the px'isoners confined here. Extraordinary precautions are 
taken to prevent any disposition on our part to mutiny. How- 
itzers are dragged through the streets, and brought to bear on 
the prison and the bridges oA^er the river James. Old men 
and little boys have rushed to arms, and the fortifications of 
the city are filled with the veteran soldiery, the raw militia 
and the frightened citizens. 

All day the bells rang, and the people ran to and fro ; not 
till darkness had vailed the city did the tumult cease, 'and 
then but few sought repose, — for no one knew at what moment 
the terrible "yanks" might come uj^on them, and visit just 
vengeance on the long threatened city. 

To us poor feflBws, in j^rison, the excitement was amusing ; 
all we could do was to peep through our grated windows, and 
laugh at the ridiculousness of the whole affair. Who could 
have believed that the j^retended Capital of a Nation could be, 
thrown into such a frantic uproar by a raiding party of seven 
thousand men ? Not till noon of the next day did the city re- 
sume its senses — at that time, as the " rebs" say, Richmond 
being "safe" again. 

As the people of Richmond had their excitement, on "Sun- 
day, so we, of the Hotel de Lihhy, had ours on Tuesday,' night 
last. For several weeks past, two of the prisoners had been 
engaged in digging a tunnel from the bottom of the fire-place, 
in the kitchen, under the walls and feet of the guards, who 

2 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN EEBEL PRISONS. 25 

stood around the prison, and twelve feet from it, thence to 
the rear of a ware-house, across the street. The whole af- 
fair had been kept secret with a chosen few, and was com- 
pleted on the above night ; then commenced an exodus of 
captives, which continued until one hundred and nine had 
escaped, and were fast making their way to "Abraharn's 
bosom. " . 

Daylight, only, prevented the escape of all in the prison. 
The morning roll-call revealed the condition of affairs, and 
scouts were immediately sent, in every direction, to re-cap- 
ture^the fugitives. Dispatches were sent to all parts of the 
xebel lines surroundi1!g the city, but all in vain ; only twen- 
twehty-five of the escaped were found, and they were sent to 
the dungeon below. 

A few of the prisoners, it is said, were dogged down ; and 
refusing to surrender, were shot. 

The time consumed in digging the tunnel was forty-six 
nights. The distance was eighty feet. Five foundations of 
solid rock were passed, and the route was under the feet of the 
sentinels guarding the prison. 

Bishop Johns, of Richmond, has spoken to the Libbyites 
a time or two ; he is a good speaker. 

Weather is quite cool, and many of us suffer, at night, for 
want of blankets. 

A flag of truce boat is up the river to-day, again, and we 
have a few Northern papers and letters ; so we can have some 
good cheer, at least, in reading how the old flag floats in 
the northern breeze. 

Another month is gone ; the weather has moderated, and 
all out-doors seems full of loveliness. Our prison is dark and 
gloomy — in strange contrast with the bright sunshine and pure 



26 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

air, outside — tliat almost tempts us to break through our bars, 
knock down the guards — and breathe, for a time at least, the 
pure air of heaven. 

We are allowed to write one letter a week, but are limited 
to six lines ; short and sweet. 

To-day the rebels capped the climax of their inhumanity 
by reading the following order: "Hereafter all clothing hung 
near or outside the windows, will be confiscated ; and officers 
standing near the ivindows xcill he liable to he shot ! " 

A prisoner enquired of Maj. Turner, who read the order, 
"what he meant by 'near the windows ; ' what distance. " 

Turner replied : "Damn you, keep away from the win- 
dows entirely ! " 

Thus we are now debarred of even the poor privilege of 
looking through our barred Avindows. Cruel wretches ! man 
may forget, you, but God will give you justice. 

To-day, (March 23d,) the rebels killed one of their own 
officers, through mistake. He was in the lower prison on duty, 
and put his head out at the window to speak to a sentinel ; the 
sentinel, thinking he was a yankee prisoner, obeyed the above 
order — shooting him dead. So their hellishness begins on 
their own head, to the result of Avhich we all say — amen. 

General Kilpatrick is now racing aroimd ih^ city, and 
fighting rebels Avherever he can find them. The citizens' hom^- 
guards and soldiers, are all armed, and fighting the bold raid- 
ers, who they fear will release the prisoners and burn the city. 
The bells ring, and everybody is excited. Last evening they 
came so close to the city that we could hear the musketry. 

Many of the hopeful exi:)ect the city to be taken, and the 
prisoners freed. We are all organized in Companies — ready 
to aid should the city fall. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 27 

It is positively asserted by negroes, ■vvlio assisted, that 
Turner has placed several kegs of powder under the prison, 
and will blow us uj) should the city be taken. 

A number of the prisoners captured from Kilpatrick have 
been brought in, and confined in a pen with negroes. Col. 
Dalgreen was killed, and his mutilated body exposed, in the 
city, to the gaze of the rabble. 

The papers say that the authorities will bury the body 
where nothing short of the last trump will find it. So they 
fear even the poor, dead body of a fallen foe. 

Capt. Hammond had his ear partly shot off, this evening, 
by a guard, who fired on him as he stood in front of an open- 
ing in the sink. 

So it goes. We are in constant danger of losing our lives, 
as there is no telling when a sentinel may feel himself affront- 
ed and fire into the room, -as instructed by Maj Thomas P. 
Turner, commanding Libby. This man is a fiend ; and soon- 
er than he suspects, may receive a fiend's deserts. Might will 
not always trample over Right, nor will the thousand wrongs 
-practiced upon heljDless prisoners go unavenged. 

The Rebel Journals ave crying loudly for the Black flag, 
and the hanging of every Northern man caught upon South- 
ern soil. 

"Extermination" is their motto, now while they are s^fe ; 
but let the tables turn, and they will sing an entirely differ- 
ent song. 

Marshal Kane, of Baltimore, a notorious rebel, visited 
the prison, to-day. His treasonable conduct in the North 
caused his arrest and confinement in Fort ivIcHenry. After 
his release he ran the blockade, and came to Richmond— 
where he is lionized as a martyr. He is now appointed to the 



28 WHAT I BAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

command of all Marylanclers in Pixie. His command is to 
be styled " The ]\Iaryland Line " — composed, principally, of 
Kenegades like himself. 

On the 20th of March about one thousand rebels were 
sent down from, the Nortli, to be exchanged. All Richmond 
was out to give them a grand reception. Cannons boomed, 
and sweet music floated on the air. The prisoners were re- 
ceived from the vessel, and with an escort of soldiers and cit- 
izens, marched into the city — where hot coffee, and speeches 
from the Governor and Jeff. Davis, were served up, in true 
Dixie style. 

The officers in Libby, anxious to see the cavalcade, of 
course, as it passed the prison, crowded up to the windov/s ; for 
this temerity one of them was shot in the head, by a rebel sen- 
tinel Others had narrow escapes from being shot — myself 
being among the number. A sentinel had "drawn a bead" on 
me, and v/as about to fire ; when a fellow-prisoner happened to 
see him, and pulled me back from the windoAv. 

When we first came to Libby Ave found a number here, 
who were soft-gloved and copperish, toward the rebs. They 
were disciples of that dastardly and treasonable sheet — the 
C'hicago Times. A few AA'eeks here, hoAA'ever, converted them 
to the true faith, and knocked the scales from their eyes. — 
Tne Chicago Times is beloAA^ par here, noAV, although some of 
the most bitter and treasonable articles to be found in the reb- 
el papers, are extracts from its columns. 

March 28th, 1864. The prison, to-day, is dark and 
gloomy. Out-doors is full of cold and rain ; yet the little 
bare-footed boys and girls, of the city of Richmond, stand in 
the streets, all day, to pick up the miserable crumbs, thrown 
out of the Avindows — carrying them home to their starviijg 



SIXTEEN jMONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 29 

mothers — "who have not had," say the morning j^apers, " ei- 
ther bread or fuel, during the last three days of cold and 
storm." 

Richmond is full of paupers, widows and Orphans, whose 
cries of want fall on pitiless ears. The rich leaders of the re- 
bellion revel in splendor, and cruelly curse those whom their 
wicked treachery has impoverished ; and all this in the Capi- 
tal, and under the very eyes of the Government of the so-called 
Confederate States of America. 

One of the privates, who was in prison across the street, 
was killed by a sentinel,- for looking out of the window. This 
hellish outrage, like most others committed here, Avas by a 
member of the "City Battalion," or Home guards ; men who 
never saw a battle-field, but remain in Richmond, to strive 
and murder prisoners of war. 

The James river has overflowed its banks, crossed the 
canal, and is now engaged in drowning rats out of the lower 
rooms of Libby. A laudable undertaking, and we wish it 
success. 

Our principal amusement, in Libby, is chess-playing ; and 
there are many, here, who excel in the game. To-day our 
champion, in the East room, sent a challenge to players of the 
West room. It was accepted, and we were "mated" in a sur- 
prisingly short time. 

Euchre and back-gammon receive due attention, also, at 
the hands of some of the boys — many of whom sit with cards 
in their hands from moi-niug until night. Perhaps it is not a 
profitable way, but it is at least an easy manner of killing 
time. 

Lt. Forsythe had written to his widowed mother, in Tole- 
do, Ohio, that he expected a "special" exchange, and would be 



so WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

home in a week. This morning he was sitting near the win- 
dow, reading a novel, whan a guai'd (accidentally, the rebels 
assert) shot him dead. 

We raised -some money, purchased a metalic coffin, and 
sent his dead body to his poor mother, who is waiting in her 
quiet home, to welcome her dear boy from prison. -Ah ! well ; 
he has gone where there are no more wars, ^orrowff or troubles. 
Be comforted, fond mother; your "bread has been cast, upon 
the Avaters, and after many days ye shall find it." 

Three others were Avounded by the same shot, but not se- 
riously. - 

The rebels have at last concluded to recognize Butler — 
"•'the beast," as they call him. Whether it will result in any 
good to us we know not ; but live and hope. 

All the prisoners from Belle Isle are being sent to Au- 
■dersonville, where they are huddled in a dirty p£n, and are 
dying by hundreds. The Richmond paj^ers report them dying 
at the rate of fifty-three per day. It is heart-sickening to 
think of. Starvation and exposure will soon kill them all. — 
Por this wholesale destruction of life who is responsible but 
Jeff. Davis, who orders it? The officers here and at Ander- 
sonville, are only his puppets, to do his bidding. He cannot 
plead ignorance, for we have petitioned him for relief; but our 
petitions have been sj^urned. Besides, his own papers — pub- 
lished here in his Capital — gloat over the horrors of these 
prisons, every day. Let us hope that the Justice of God 
may yet overtake and avenge the wrongs of outraged hu- 
manity. * 

The rebel Journals do little, this Winter, but abuse the 
North, and boast over their own corruption and what they in- 
tend to do in the coming campaign. "When Lee meets Grant 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN KEBEL PRISONS. 31 

—then comes the tug of war ; " so say they, and so say we ! 
and not war's "tug," only, but war's end. 

The weather is beautiful, out, now. The fields across the 
James, are green ; the peach trees are in bloom, — and we are 
allowed the glorious privilege of admiring them, from our 
prison windows, at the risk of being shot. 

The James river is full of fishing boats ; these jolly boys 
sell shad to the citizens of Richmond at the modest figures of 
$34,00 a pair. Shades of Jonah ! where are you ? 

Libby is filling up rapidly ; if this continues until warm, 
weather it will overflow; probably as far as the burying- 
grounds. 

The rebel Congress meets, to-day, for the third, and I hope 
the last time. Jeff. Davis, in his message, tells them that "the 
Confederacy is 'all hunk' yet, and that in spite of the 'great 
humanity ' shown to Federal prisoners, they are dying at a 
* shocking rate.' " 

Is it possible, Mr. Davis ! that men who have nothing to 
eat or wear, will die in spite of your kindness ? 

May 6th — Our last day in Libby prison. Gen. Grant 
has crossed the Rapidan, and is fighting the rebels in the Wil- 
derness. At the same time an army is coming up the James 
river, and threatens the city. Every body is under arms, in 
Richmond, and hurrying to the front to make another great 
efibrt to "save the Capital." 

The slaughter on both sides is terrible, and the rebs now 
call Grant "the butcher." 

Richmond is not a safe place for prisoners, so at midnight 
we are counted and marched out of Libby ; for the first time 
in nearly six months, I breathe the pure air of heaven. Oh, 
how glorious, how delightful ! Libby, farewell ; we will not 



32 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

forget you soon ; we -uill remember you even in our dreams ; 
and hope we may yet see you ornamented with the Stars and 
Stripes. 

During the Winter spent in Libby, we had accuipulated, 
from different sources, quite a number of articles, — such as 
wooden and tin ware, pots, buckets, and all the nice things 
from home, that had been delivered to us, and saved for a 
rainy day, or a prison-feast. These the rebels told us we must 
leave behind, as we could not carry them on the march, \yhiclt 
tliey said we were to make, to Petei-sburg. We did not know 
then, as we have since learned, that no orders were issued for 
a march to Petersburg, but that we would go South on the 
cars. This strategy was resorted to for the purpose of robbing 
us ot what fcAV comforts we possessed. 



CHAPTER IV. 

Here we go, all in cattle-cars — ^fiffcy men in a c-ar t 
Stop a day at Danville, Virginia ; are in Barracks No. 4^ 
The rebels look veiy cheerless, so we guess the tide of battle 
is in our favor again. 

We pass through some of the finest country in the South.. 
Every inch of ground, that can be used to advantage, is plant- 
ed. Corn everjrwhere, instead of cotton, as of old. 

We pass Augusta, Raleigh and Columbia, — all flourish- 
ing towns. 

At Augusta the home-guard chivalry turned out, to escort 
us from one depot to another. Fine fellows, in sparkling uni- 
forms—waving broad swords, and carrying magnificent dou- 
ble-barreled shot-guns at their saddle-bow. They are the 
merchants and professional men of the city. Judging front 
their appearance they would make sad havoc were they to en- 
counter a flock of doves. 

One of these shot-gun heroes dashed boldly up to one of 
tie prisoners, and, with his blade poised high in air, threat- 



34 WHAT I SAW IN dixie; oe, 

ened to rend him asunder should he again presume to "smile 
upon the dignity of the occasion." 

A son of Governor IJrown, of Georgia, was one of the 
presiding geniuses of the occasion, and bore himself with a 
pomp and coolness worthy of a Cjesar about to " pass the 
Eubicon. 

Arrived at Macon, we were placed in a sand-pen two 
acres in extent, — surrounded by a stockade, tAvelye feet high, 
on top of which the sentries Ajere placed. Twelve feet inside 
of the stockade Avas the dead-line ; so called from the fact that 
any prisoner crossing it would be instantly shot, and without 
challenge. 

Capt. Tabb, who brought us here, returns to Eichmond, 
shortly, and Capt. Gibbs will take his place, in command of 
the prison. 

We have no barracks of any kind, and at present our 
'Only shelter from the sun or rain, is our blankets — stretched 
over pine sticks. 

Our rations are still very slim. We are allowed to buy 
an occasional newspaper, from the sutler, by which we learn 
reverses have overtaken their army, in the West, and that 
Richmond is seriously threatened. 

At Andersonville, which is some miles below here, the 
prisoners are still dying by the hundreds. 
■ The weather is beginning to be very warm. 

An officer gave his watch to Capt. Tabb, to take outside 
the prison and sell for something to eat. Tabb, not account- 
ing for the Avatch, after several days, the prisoner ventured to 
ask him where it was, when Tabb indignantly denied having 
it. The officer spoke of complaining to higher authority, — 
when Capt. Tabb seized, bucked and gagged, and otherwise 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PEISONS. 35 

shamefully abused him. A day or two since he found a hole 
dug in the ground where he suspected some one was digging a 
tunnel by which to escape. He abused everybody for this, and 
hammered Maj. Basco over the head with the butt of a musket 
because he refused to fill the hole up, not having dug it. 

These are only specimens of the indignities, insults and 
abuses heaped upon us here almost daily. 

The weather is very hot now. We have built some sheds, 
that keep most of us out of the feot sun. Still, there are many 
who remain out on the ground, in the sun and rain. 

The prison we are now in is called " Camp Oglethorpe." 

On the night of the 12th it rained very hard. I went 
down near to the opening under the sink to see what prospect 
there was for getting out there and escaping. I had not stood 
there long when Capt. Gesner came down and stopped near the 
spring by me. He had only been there a minute when the flash 
of a gun blazed out of the darkness, and Gesner was dead. He 
only gasped, "water, water." We*asked an investigation of 
the murder, but received no satisfaction. He was not on the 
dead line when he was shot, but standing where he had a right 
to. 

During the last month we had been hard at Avork digging 
a tunnel by which to make our escape. It was four feet under 
the ground, and extended under the dead line and by the sen- 
try-boxes, a distance of seventy -five feet. It was ready for use, 
when some spy revealed it, and we were discovered — weeks of 
labor thus being lost. 

I am determined to escape from this prison hole, or lose 
my life in the attempt. 

Reports from AnderSonville are horrible. Nearly all the 



36 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

boys captured witli me are already dead, and the hot weather 
and starvation Avill soon take the remainder. 

One of our sweetest comforts in this camp is the music 
of the mocking birds, that occasionally fly into the tree tops, 
over our camp, and sing for us hour after hour. 
' ' A light broke in upon my brain — 

It wae the carol of a bird. 
It ©eased, and then it came again — 

The sweetest song ear ever heard ; 
And mine was thankful till my eyes 

Ean over with the glad surprise, 
And they that moment could not see 

I was the mate of misery. 
A lovely bird, with azure wings, 

And song that said a thousand things, 
And seemed to say them all for me ! 

I never saw its like before, 
I ne'er shall see its likeness more. 

And it was come to love me, when 
None lived to love me so again, 

And cheering from my dungeon's brink 
Had brought me back to feel and think. 

I know not if it late were free, 
Or broke its cage to perch on mine, 

But knowing well captivity, 
Sweet bird ! I could not wish for thine." 



CHAPTER V. 

The " rebs " are mourning sadly over the death of thftt 
old sinner — Lt. Gen. Polk. Sherman put a "quietus" on his 
treason, with a cannon-ball, the other morning, somewhera 
near Kennesaw Mountain. So they go. One by one they ara 
dropping off, and going to answer for their wickedness. 

The last rebel is in the army — the last dollar of the 
Treasury spent. "What's to be done, now ! " say the alarmed 
leaders of the rebellion. 

Grant is holding Richmond as tliough in a vice; while 
Sherman is rapping at the doors of Atlanta. It is not to be 
wondered at that the rebels tremble at the knoes, and are 
growing desperate. It is a bitter cup they are drinking, but 
it is of their own choosing, and let them drain it to the dregs. 

July 4th, "1864. — ^To-day many of us assembled in the hos- 
pital to celebrate the birth-day of the nation: We had speeches 
and songs for two hours. During the singing, an ofl&cer from 
Ohio drawing a miniature flag from his pocket, waved it aboye 
our heads. This created the wildest enthusiasm. Hats were 



88 WHAT I SA"Sy IN DIXIE ; OR, 

waved and men cheered. It was the old flag in all its pu- 
rity ; and was it any wonder that tears ran down the cheeks of 
strong-hearted men ? 

Our noise brought in the commander of the camp, who or- 
dered us to disperse at once, and not attempt to have a Yankee 
holiday in prison. " If we did not stop at once cannon would 
be opened on the prison." Of course we obeyed, though with 
the greatest reluctance. 

To-day, July 15th, my term of enlistment expires. Three 
years a soldier, but I trust the time has not been spent in vain. 

I have traded for a rebel uniform, and to-morrow I intend 
to try and make my escape under the guise of a rebel soldier. 
As the rebel Sergeants come in every morning at roll-call, I 
shall play Sergeant, and try to get out by the guards at the 
gate. 

July 16th, and I am ready for an adventure. My suit of 
gray fits amazingly. Koll-call and the rebel Sergeants enter 
and the gate closes. With pencil and paper in hand I start. 
Over the dead line I go ! The guards above the gate stare, 
but say nothing. I knock at the door of the stockade ! 

" What do you want ? " says the Corporal, as he steps be- 
tween me and the door. 

" We are bothered about the rolls, Sir, and I am going out 
to see the officer of the guard ! " and I passed by him, went 
around the prison, looked at the "Jennies" eating breakfast, 
and then went up into the city of Macon. 

A fine town, I preceived. Plenty of soldiers, plenty of 
darkies and plenty of women, who look very sympathizingly 
upon the supposed " confed." soldier. But I must leave them 
all.* So into the corn fields till night. Then the whole night 
is spent in wading through the dark swamps and listening to 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN EEBEL PRISONS. 39 

the hooting owls and croaking frogs. It is dark and dismal, 
but I am striking for freedom and my nerves seem strong. My 
old shoes are so worthless I can scarcely walk. 

Daylight finds me in a blackberry-patch, where I remain 
all day Sunday. . Ye gods ! wlij^t a feast of berries for a hun- 
gry man. 

All day I can hear the rebel trains of care, as they rush 
up and down the railroad, to Atlanta. Oh, that I could be on 
a train, and moving rapidly away from prison. 

The evening train stops near my hiding-place to wood 
and water. Noav or never ! Out I go, and slip into an empty 
freight-car. The whistle blows, and we are off for Atl^ta — a 
hundred miles above. 

It is moonlight, and I sit in the car, watching the farms, 
the houses, the towns, — and wandering what will turn up 
next. 

At Lagrange we stop, again, and the conductor, in his 
rounds, finds me, alone in my glory. 

"Who are you, sir ? " he exclaims. 

"A Confederate soldier, sir, of the Ninth Alabama In- 
fantry — on my Avay to ""Atlanta, to join my regiment," I un- 
hesitatingly answered. 

"Let me have your fare, sir ! " 
' "I am a Southern soldier — out of money — and cannot 
pay you ; but I must ride to Atlanta. Beside, you dare not 
put a soldier off the train." 

He grumbles a few words, and leaves me — again in my 
glory — to consider the "uncertainties of human events." Be- 
fore daylight we are in Atlanta, and I feel much like a stran- 
ger in a strange place. 

I enter a barn-yard that seems to be empty ; up into 



40 WHAT i SAW IK DIXIE ; OK, 

the hay-loft, to sleep until morning. Daylight comes, and 
reveals the yard fiill of rebel cavalry — and a yankee in the 
feed-mow ! Horrible ! What will I do ? They will soon 
come up for feed, and 1 am gone. Ah ! here's an empty hogs- 
head ; into it I climb, and f^' six long houre, sit and lis- 
ten to the rebel tales of adventure. How they slew the "un- 
•godly yankees ; " how they made "drinking-cups of his skull," 
'.and "money-bags of his scalp." Oh ! terrible, terrible. My 
knees, for once, do feel a little weak! But noon comes. — 
They mount, and ride out; the terrible suspense ends, and I 
emerge from the hogshead, and march out into the city — 
with i3y bones inside my flesh, and my "scalp" still on my 
head. 

Nothing to eat, and no money; a pretty "fix," truly. 
Here is the whole rebel army defending the city against 
^ Gen. Sherman, who is making rapid strides in this direc- 
tion. Surely he will succeed, and capture the city; then I 
will be free. So I will hide in this empty house, for a day 
or two, and something may "turn up." 

Up I go, on the ceiling above, and listen to Sherman's 
guns, that are now throwing shell into, and spreading conster- 
nation throughout, the city. 

Not half an hour has passed, ere a fugitive family — fly- 
ing from the shot and shell in the lower part of the city — 
come to the door, and remark : "It seems to be a safe place, 
and we will move in." The carts are unloaded, and in they 
come^ — wife, babies and all. 

What a situation now ; certainly something has " turned 
up ! " I have ears, and must hear the conversation that - 
transpires. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN. REBEL PRISONS. 41 

"Well, Mary, our army is whipped, and the city will be 
surrendered — wont it ? Ah, dear ! " 

"Yes, Billy, but what of that I Aren't we just as good 
* yankees' as them, then ? And besides, I am dying for some 
re«? coffee, and sugar, and tea! Oh, yes; we'll be 'Union* 
folks,' then, and we'll live so nice — for I am tired of corn- 
coffee, and such like. And I tell you, we must make a 'yan- 
kee flag,' and raise it on the house-top, when Sherman come?, 
and then we'll claim protection as Union citizens, and draw 
rations for nothing — just like the rest of the Union-folks in 
the South. And here, Tom, is a ' hundred-dollar bill ; ' run 
and buy two yards of ' red calico ! ' — there 's just enough mon- 
«y to pay for it ! We '11 manage 'em, won 't we, though ? Of 
course, we are rebels ; but, you know, * when you are among 
Romans, you must do as Romans do.'" 

"It's a capital idea! Let the house burn! We'll be 
■* Union,' and the Yankee Government will pay us three times 
what it 's worth." 

" Yes, Tom, run and buy the^flag ; and as soon as the 
Yankees come I '11 run to Sherman and apply for ' protection 
papers' and rations." 

In an hour supper was ready, and the party went out un- 
der the awning to eat. 

A slight inspection of the premises revealed but one way 
to get down, and that was by climbing"down some pegs in the 
wall at the corner. But lo ! a large bull dog is tied to the 
lower peg. What could I do ? .Nothing, without first making 
the acquaintance of the dog. I will try it ! A lump of plas- 
ter on his nose causes him to look up in amazement. I smile 
on him. He smiles in return. He is a clever dog. I climb 
down the pegs, pat him on the head, slip out at the back door. 



42 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OK, 

• and go around the house to the awning in front, where the kind 
' Union' people ask me to supper, which I, being ' Union,' too, 
couldn 't have the heart to refuse. 

I ate heartily, put a lunch in my pocket, thanked the 
'Union' family, left, and was then ready for "something to 
turn up" again. 

I now spent a week running around the army, seeing the 
troops, the fortifications, the batteries and the city. 

My regiment, the 9th .Alabama, is in Cheatam's corps, but 
I seldom visit it, finding less danger of being detected away 
from it than with it. 

I have posted myself as to its numbers, officers, companies, 
&c., so that when questioned in other parts of the army in re- 
gard to my regiment, I pass muster amazingly. 

With a pocket full of crackers and forged passes from Di- 
vision commanders, I am enabled to inspect the army, its dis- 
cipline, movements, &c., very much at my own leisure. 

I have come across a loyal Irishman, by the name of , 

to whom I revealed myself, and who fed me in his cellar for 
several days, when the rebel General Loring took up his head- 
quarters in the yard, rendering it unsafe for me in the cellar. 

On the 22d of July great preparations were making for a 
grand charge on Sherman's left. I heard of it and determined 
to attempt to get thi-ough the lines during the battle. 

By 2 o'clock the bugles sounded, and the battle was soon 
raging. 

I followed in the rear of one of the Divisions, as an Ord- 
nance Sergeant, thinking the rebel lines would be repulsed, 
when I could lie down and remain on the ground until the 
Federal lines came up. But at this point the rebels were vie- 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 43 

torious, and I had the sorrow of seeing the "Boys in Blue," 
many of whom I recognized as from my own State, shot down, 
or brought back wounded and prisoners. 

" General McPherson is killed ! " shouted some one ; . and 
the whole line gave cheer upon cheer for the death of ray old 
and loved Corps commander. 

I could not get through the lines here, so with a heavy 
heart I started in an opposite direction, and by noon of the 
next day had made my way through two lines of infantry and 
one of cavalry, Avhen I was arrested as a spy withiu five hun- 
dred yards of our own lines, on the Chattahoochie river. 

I was in an obscure path in the wodtls, when a rebel vi- 
dette called a halt, and, as Shakspeare says, " stand and un<- 
fold." 

" Surrender and hold up your arms ! " cried a rebel in 
shoulder straps. " Who are you, and what are you doing down 
here in the woods by yourselfi* " 

" Samuel Hawkins, Company B, Ninth Alabama," I re- 
plied. " I was out with a friend picking blackberries, and my 
horse, which was a borrowed one, broke loose and ran into the 
woods, and I am hunting him." 

" Do you not know, sir, that you are almost into the jaws 
of yankees, who are not five hundred yards from here?" 

" Indeed!" I exclaimecl, with the greatest seaming amaze- 
ment. 

" Yes sir, you are, and the yankees have your horse before 
this time." 

By this time half a dozen " Jonnies" had come to the spot 
from the rocks and brush around us. 



44 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

" On right, on left, above, below — 
Sprang up at once the lurking foe : 
From shingles gray their lances start— 
The bracken brush sends forth the dart. 
The rushes and the willow wand 
Are bristling into axe and brand, 
And every tuft of brown gives life 
To plaided warrior armed for strife. ' ' 

And now suspicious glanc&s and strange noda were ex- 
changed between the armed fellows who looked on me as a 
mountain bear. 

" You are from Alabama," says one of them, " now tell me 
where, — I am an AJabamian, too." 

" Tullahoma, sir." 

" Ah ! I know nothing of that place," he replied. 

"I cannot help that, sir, that's where I enlisted, and, for 
that matter, where I was born." 

" We must search you, sir,'*for it is my opinion that you 
are a yankee spy ! and one of the men here saw you in the city 
on Sunday." 

" Very likely he did, for I was in the city on business last 
Sunday." 

The search proceeded, but I had no papers about* me only 
a Bible under my shirt — (these pages were secreted in Macon) 
— ^which was turned through and through, with the hope of 
finding some hidden information as to who I was. 

" Boys, take the prison* to General Ross immediately, 
and tell him I send him a man believed to be a yankee spy.— 
Also hand the General these papers, giving particulars of hia 
arrest." 

Things looked a little ,squally ! Arrested as a spy, and 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN R»BEL PRISONS. 45 

proof, too, that I had been lurking arou°nd the city and army ; 
all of which was true. 

Only a few moments prerious and my heart was beating 
high with the hopes of home, and seeing the old Flag of Free- 
dom again. Besides, I had information concerning the rebel 
army which I knew would be invaluable to General Sherman. 
But now how different ! Once more a prisoner, in barbarous 
hands, and an alarming prospect of being hung as a spy ! 

Over rock, and hill, and hollow I marched, with a rebel 
cavalryman in front of me, and one behind, to prevent my at- 
tempting to escape. 

Up among the rocks and trees, in a secluded spot, almost 
impracticable for horsemen to reach, was the headquarters of 
Brig. Gen. Ross, who received me as a prisoner, but treated me 
as a man. He ordered me something to eat and a blanket to 
rest upon. 

At midnight I left this gentlemanly officer, and was taken 
to the Division commander. General Hume, — -an old brute in 
appearance as well as actions. His only words to me were con- 
temptible threats as to what he Avould do, should I dare to at- 
tempt an escape from him. He Avas sitting by a log fire, wash- 
ing potatoes, and indulging in low slang about the yankees. 

All night a rebel sat at my head with a revolver between 
his knees. 

I did not sleep that night. 

At daylight I was conducted to the headquarters of Gen, 
Hood, who commanded the rebel army. 

On my way up I conversed with the guard, who seemed 
very communicative. 

I easily persuaded him to show me the papers he was car* 



46 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OE, 

rying up for my benefit. By these I had certain proof that I 
was considered a spy. 

We found Hood, the one-legged general, quartered in tent« 
in one of the door-yards of the city. 

My letters of "introduction" were handed to a clerk, who, 
without looking at them, tossed them into a pigeon-hole, and 
directed me to the guard-house, where I remained until the 
next day. 

All was excitement at headquarters. Lieutenants and or- 
derlies VierQ dashing everywhere at once. 

The Provost Marshal of the army came to dispose of the 
visitors in the guard-house. One by one they were marched 
out and sent ofl* somewhere. Col. Hill, Provost Marshal, 
seemed to be a perfect gentleman. Not one harsh word fell 
from his lips that morning, though some of the prisoners were 
hardened, desperate men, and deserters from the rebel army. — 
He approached me with a smile, and, not having received the 
papers, or information as to who I was, said : 

" Your name, prisoner, if you please." 

" I am a Federal prisoner, sir, who escaped fi'om Macon, 
but was re-captured in the woods, yesterday." 

" That indeed ! Have you been about the city, or the for- 
tifications, or the army, any ?" 

" Oh, no ! I had just reached this vicinity Avhen re-cap- 
tured," I replied. 

" Did you walk all of that hundred miles through the 
■woods, my boy ? " 

*' Certainly, I have no horses at my disposal." 

" Well," said the Colonel, " I am most sorry you did not 
get through. You deserve a better fate than to be returned to 
prison ; but I hope you may soon be exchanged. War is very 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 47 

bad, and prison is worse ; but it is my duty, and I will send 
you back to prison at -Macon." 

An hour later and I was on the train bound for Macon, 
but thankful it was not the scaffold, and I rejoiced in the care- 
lessness of that boyish clerk. 

Should this ever meet the eyes of Col. Hill, of Nashville, 
he will smile, and be glad to know I lived through prison, for 
I know he is a man in whose breast the milk of human kind- 
ness flows warm and lasting, and that he will pardon the yarns 
I told him on that, to me, eventful occasion. 

The next morning I was stripped of my rebel uniform, and 
with only my drawers and shirt turned into the pen from which 
I had escaped ten days before. 

A fellow-officer furnished me with a pair of trowsers, and 
I now had ample time to reflect on what I had seen of the reb- 
els, their fortifications and their way of fighting. 

My observations convinced me of the superior discipline, 
at least in tiine of battle, of the rebel army over our own. — 
There was no choice — everything was compulsion. In battle 
they marched with a line of cavalry in rear of each command, 
to ajrrest and drive all stragglers into duty. Still, with all the 
force, and want of choice, the rebel privates fought with terri- 
ble desperation, and were extremely enthusiastic in their man- 
ifestations over the least sign of victory. They did not read as 
much as the private soldiers from the North, and consequently 
only knew of their own defeats when witnessed by themselves. 
No one dared to say anything to discourage the soldiers. Si- 
lence only saved those from punishment who were not intensely 
loyal to the Southern cause. 

Everybody was in the army, save the few who possessed 
special claims on the friendship of the Richmond Rulers, and 



48 WHAT I BA\f IX DIXIE ; OK, 

th.ey were protected only by special exemption from the Secre- 
tary of War or Jeff. Davis himself. Even these were seized 
upon at times, and hurried, to the battle front. 

With their wholesale conscription of men any money, and 
their dreadful discipline in times of danger, they fought, and 
fought well. 

They were materially aided by the positive, even desper- 
ate positions taken by the entire Southern press. For a news- 
paper to intimate surrender, or terms, was to invite destruc- 
tion, — not by mob violence, but by the Rebel Government 
itself. The Southern press, used as it was, was a powerful en- 
gine to further the objects of the South. 

How different the case in some parts of the North, where 
the press discouraged the people, advised mutiny, desertion, 
surrender, and everything that could retard the Government 
in its struggles for self-preservation. 

Who can say the number of lives that might have been 
saved, or how much sooner the war might have been closed had 
the Government exerceised its lawful authority in punishing 
the miserable, sneaking traitors, who sold themselves to crime 
and treason, that they might lick the feet of their Southern 
masters. 

Who shall say how much of the sorrow of the whole land. 
North and South, can be laid at the doors of the cowardly reb- 
els who control such journals as the Chicago Times? — men 
hated by the people of the section where they live, and des- 
pised even by those in the South for who's favors they have 
fawned ? 



CHAPTER VI. 

Shortly after my return to Macon, rumors came of 
another move to the South. Charleston was not only block- 
aded, but beseiged. 

Fort Sumpter was demolished, and the " Swamp Angel ** 
chimed in the chorus from Morris Island, in tones that sent 
terror to many a rebel in the Palmetto city. 

Slowly the city was melting away, under the continued 
ehelling from the yankee batteries. 

"It must be stopped!" cried the Charlestonians. "It 
shall be stopped ! " came from Richmond. 

"If we cannot prevent firing on the city with our oim 
men, we will surprise the world by making 'breastworks of our 
prisoners.' " 

A capital idea ! and in perfect consonance with the rebel 
notions of civilized war. 

Six hundred ofiicers were selected — myself among the 
number — ^to be placed under the fire from our own guns.— - 
Some weeks previous a number of the officers had organized* 



50 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OB, 

* secret society, whose object should be to overpower the 
guards, the first favorable opportunity, and attempt an escape. 
The organization was complete, and unknown to even the pris- 
oners who were not members. The penalty for violation of the 
orders from the Head Centre was instant death. Every mem- 
ber was in readiness to perform his part, in case an opportu- 
nity should offer. Most of the organization was chosen, unin- 
tentionally perhaps, to be taken to Charleston. 

At a certain point on the route, (Pocatalico, South Caro- 
lina,) the train would pass within a few miles of the Federal 
gunboats, near the coast. 

Then would be our time. We would make a desperate 
effort for freedom. When the train reached the proj^er point 
we would over-power our guards, take their arms, and fight 
^ur way to the coast. It was a practicable scheme, for there 
were but few rebels between Pocatalico and the coast. The 
guard on the train did not number over two hundred men, 
and there were six hundred of us prisoners. We could easily 
seize the guns from the guards inside the train, and then, by 
force of arms, compel the force on top of the cars to sur- 
r^ider. 

Everything was in readiness. Most of us had short clubs 
tied up in our blankets, with which to fight, and everything 
seemed propitious. The night was dark, and the Fates seemed 
to smile on our undertaking. 

We left the city of Savannah by dark, and by midnight 
would reach the point from which to strike. Our signal to 
strike was to be a red light, waved from the front car, by 
-Capt. , of the Kegular Army, — ^who^was one of the lead- 
ers of the organization. 
^ Midnight came ; we were straining our eyes to see the red 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 51 

light as we neared the place. Every heart beat high with ex^ 
citement. Morning would find us free men, we thought, and 
eagerly we watched ; but no lightc came. What was wrong ? 
Were we discovered ? Bitter, bitter thought! 

We whirled by the village at which the blow was to be 
given ; the train did not stop — no light appeared — and in an 
hour we wei'e in the city of Charleston ; not free, but prison- 
ers still, — and worse than all, victims of the cowardice of one 
man, and he our leader. 

When the train reached the proper point this "gallant 
Captain,' who had solemnly sworn to stand by us, allowed his 
heart to fail him, and thus stamped himself an infamous cow- 
ard. 

The Charleston papers learned of the intended movement 
to escape, by the prisoners, and in commenting upon the pro- 
posed arrangements, admitted them to have been most com- 
plete, and declared that nothing but incompetency on the part 
of some of our leaders prevented an escape of the entire 
number. 

We were marched to the city jail, and confined in the 
yard, — surrounded by a brick wall, a portion of which was 
built by the British, for prisoners, during the Revolutionary- 
war. 

We were hungry, tired, and nothing short of "maddened.** 
Many and. severe were the imprecations pronounced on the 
head of him who had deserted, when Liberty was within Our 
grasp. 

"Lynch him ! " strongly urged some of the more desper- 
ate, and his removal to a safer point, by the rebels whom he 
had served too well, saved him, perhaps, from his just 
deserts. 



52 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

The city jail was the best I had ever seen ; but the yard, 
in which we were placed, was filthly and hot. 

We found Charleston to be a fine city, of one hundred 
thousand inhabitants. The private residences are very fine ; 
the streets are good, and nicely shaded by the finest trees of 
the South. Many of the gardens contain the orange, lemon, 
magnolia and holly trees. In times of peace this was one of 
the most flourishing cities of the South. 

We were suffering greatly in the jail yard, when the com- 
manding oflicer told us if we would give our parole not to 
attempt an escape, they would put us in better quarters, and 
furnish more rations. Of course we signed the parole, which 
was to be valid only while we remained in Charleston. We 
were now placed in a large building — near the burned district 
—known as the "Roper Hospital." We had plenty of room, 
here, and a large, pleasant yard to walk in ; but the yard was 
our limits, as the guards were posted around on the outside of 
the fence. 

We are still under fire from our guns, on Morris Island, 
and an occasional shot, Irom the "Swamp Angel," comes howl- 
ing into the city ; but thus far none of us have been hurt, as 
the shots are of a high range, and pass harmlessly over our 
heads — crashing into the city beyond. 

From our south window we have a fine view of the Ash- 
ly river. Between us and the river, and far aAvay to the left, 
is seen that portion of the city known as the "burned district." 
It is a great, black field of desolation, — nothing being left but 
ruined towers, toppling chimneys, and piles of brick and 
mortar. The streets are overgrown with weeds and grass. — 
No one lives there, and but few visit the place, save the little 



SIITEBK MONTHS IN R^EL PRISONS. 53 

boys and girls — ^who go to the deserted grounds to gather figs 
and grapes, to sell on the streets. 

Never before have I seen such dark and sorrowful desola- 
tion as this picture presents. It reminds us of the fearful 
judgment, pronounced against a certain people by the Prophet 
Isaiah — 

"Aad thorns shall come up ia her palaces — nettles and brambles ia 
the fortresses thereof ; and it shall be an habitation of dragons, and 
a court for owls. The screech-owl shall rest there, and find fot 
herself a place of rest. There shall the great owl make her ncflt 
and lay, and hatch, and gather under her shadow. There shall tho 
vultures also be gathered, every one with his mate." 

Maj. Gen. Johnson, and Brig. Gen. Jeff. Thompson- 
known as the "Swamp Fox" — visited the prisoners to-day.— 
They have just been exchanged, and spoke very freely of the 
kind treatmmt they received, while prisoners in the North- 
Jeff, is a keen-looking "fox," is a good runner, and has serred 
the Confederacy many a good turn by his cowardly, guerrilla 
warfare. The rebels should confer some title on him. I would 
suggest "Knight of the Swamp." 

To-day we sent North for some gold which we can ex- 
change for Confederate money at the rate of one dollar in gold 
for five in rebel notes — of which it requires thirty-six dollaH 
to buy a bushel of potatoes ; so that very desirable vegetable 
costs us over five dollars in gold to the bushel. 

Weather continues very warm, but we have a sea breeze 
most of the time, which renders the heated days of August 
bearable. 

This is nearly the last of August, and I have not a word 
from home since last March. 

The rebels appear to be in very excellent spirits just no\r, 



54 WHAT I 8AW IN BIXIE ; OE, 

and profess to think General Grant a failure ; still, few of them 
expect peace this year. 

All day yesterday, and most of the night, the city was 
ahelled from the batteties on Morris Island. Many of the shells 
passed near the building in which we are quartered. Some of 
the shells noAV thrown into the city, are thrown from batteries 
five miles away. Many of them pass by the building and some 
fall in the yard ; but as yet no one has been injured by them. 
They are a greater source of alarm to the rebel guards than 
they are to the prisoners. It is amusing to the prisoners to 
■ see how frecLuently the guards Avill drop flat on their faces 
when a shell comes in close proximity to the building. 

Sunday night the rebels burned the town of Legare- 
ville, a few miles below the city, to prevent its being used 
by the Federals. 

The rebel press of the Confederacy are bolstering up 
the spirits of the Southern peoj)le, by telling them that the 
peace men of the North will soon compel the Fedei-al Gov- 
ernment to suspend hostilities, and thus secure independ- 
ence to the South. 

Great hopes are entertained by the rebels that the Dem- 
ocratic Convention, which meets in Chicago, will nominate a 
.peace candidate for the Presidency. 

The weather continues very sultry, even for this hot cli- 
mate. 

We have good news now from Mobile, Alabama. Three 
of the largest forts guarding the city are now in our hands, 
namely : Morgan, Powell and Gaines, captured with several 
rebel gunboats by Admiral Farragut. 

The shells are still coming into the city at a terrible 
rate. From the window where I write I can see the monster 



siXTEEn MonxHS in rebel PRisons. "*55 

200 pound Parrots explode every few minutes, yet it is a 
magnificent spectacle to watch them sailing almost among the 
stars, then darting down to explode in the streets of the city. 

Yesterday evening there was a heavy rain-storm, accoin- 
panied by wind, lightning and thunder. Two or three houses 
were struck by lightning. 

This morning, (August 25th,) we have good news from 
Gen. Grant. The enemy attacked him last Sunday, and drove 
him from the Weldon road, and were repulsed with great 
slaughter. Of course this was received by us with great 

joy- 

We are now receiving the best rations we have had issued 
to us in the Confederacy. We have flour, corn-meal, rice 
and fresh beef. 

Another severe storm of wind and rain raged this after- 
noon, which caused great commotion on the bosom of the 
old Ashly river, together with an extensive tumbling of old 
chimneys and towers in the burned district of the city. — 
But few shells were thrown by our batteries, during the storn?. 
One of those thrown passed into the quarters of some of the 
prisoners ; but luckily did no harm, save spoiling some ra- 
tions. 

The rebels are boasting to us, to-day, that they have won 
great victories in Virginia, capturing many guns, prison- 
ers, etc. 

The rebels are in very high spirits over the prospects of 
a "muss" in" the North — to be raised by the copperheads, in 
Convention at Chicago. They claim that none but a "Peace- 
Candidate" will be nominated ; and if nominated, of course- 
will be elected, thus creating great dissatisfaction and trouble 
throughout the North. 



^ WHAT I SAW IN DIXIB; OS, 

August 31st. — The laat day of Summer — going, going, 
gone. I spend my time reading such books as are to be had 
in prison ; of course they are not always of my own choice, 
l)ut to-day I have read a book entitled •' Lamb's Stories from 
Shakspeare." The book is neatly written, and a fine intro- 
duction to that great man. 

The morning is cool, with a delightful sea-breeze blowing. 

No news from home, yet ! How tired of waiting ! Some 
of us are beginning to think the Government is neglecting 
ita soldiers in the rebel prisons. Sometimes it really seems so. 
Still, we hope and pray our friends in the North have not 
forgotten us. 

We now have some hopes of being removed from under 
our own fire, as six hundred rebel oflBcers have been sent 
from the North, to join General Foster on Morris Island, 
to be placed under fire, in retaliation for similar treatment 
to us in Charleston; but the probabilities are that they will 
soon be exchanged for an equal number of Federals, and 
each one of us hopes to be the lucky one. 

We have news of heavy fighting at Atlanta, but the 
rebels refuse to give us the particulars. 

A great fire occurred in the city last night, and while 
it was burning the shells came thick and fast from the Fed- 
eral batteries on Morris Island. Three pieces of shell fell 
in our yard, but did no harm. We prisoners spent most of the 
night at the windows, watching the shells as they came thun- 
dering into the city. 

News has been received of the nomination, at Chicago, of 
McClellan and Pendleton, on the peace platform. The rebela 
are in high glee over this bit of news. 

A flag of truce boat came up the harbor, yesterday, by 
4 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 57 

■whicli we learned that our prospects of exchange are very 
dull, and that "red tape" at "Washington will prevent us re- 
ceiving any money. 

The rebels have at last admitted a victory for Gen. Sher- 
man. He captured Atlanta. This vs-ill be an agreeable offset 
to the Peace resolutions at Chicago. 

The correspondence relative to an exchange of prisoners 
is published to-day. The rebels made propositions to exchange 
on the 10th of August, -which have not been replied to at this 
date^ It seems as if Secretary Stanton desires no exchange at 
all, or else he is outrageously sIoav in his efforts ! The day is 
turning out beautiful after last night's storm. We have little 
that is definite, from Atlanta ; only that the rebel. Gen. Hood, 
the one-legged man, was soundly threshed out of the city, and 
hotly pursued. 

The notorious rebel. Gen. Morgan, who alarmed the 
Noi'th to such a degree by his raids into Ohio, has been killed 
in East Tennessee, to which we say — amen. 

There is a sort of a museum connected with the hospital, 
here, to which is attached a dissecting-room. To-day a friend- 
ly rebel invited me to go in with him, and see the sights ; I 
went, when he showed me a leg amputated from the first sol- 
dier killed in the present war. He Avas a Federal, and was 
killed in April, 1861, at Fort Sumpter. A piece of the shejl 
which produced the fatal wound, * is still to be seen in the 
limb. This has been preserved in liquor, by the rebels, as a 
curiosity for the chivalry. 

Two of the rebel pirates have been captured lately, the 
Alabama and the Georgia. 

The Charleston papers now consider their prospects of in- 



58 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

dependence darkened, by their recent reverses in Georgia and 
Alabama. 

This week seven thousand prisoners have been brought to 
Charleston. They are all privates, and are quartered in the 
Race Course, having no protection whatever from the sun and 
storm. 

Firing on the city is still kept " up by the Federal bat- 
teries, killing a man occasionally. 

AiTaugements have been made to exchange Naval offi- 
cers ; but the j^rospects of Army officers going home, soon, are 
slender. 

The weather is delightful ; the cool sea-breeze is blowing 
almost constantly. Yesterday there was a large fire in the vi- 
cinity of the prison : all the fire-companies — black, white and 
yellow — were out and labored till dark with the fire, and all 
the night with whisky. Gen. Foster cannonaded the city at a 
terrible rate, while the fire lasted, and as the shells were 
thrown at the firemen, many of therrf came in close proximity 
to the prison. One shell struck the building, passed through 
the rooms, and slightly injured one prisoner. Many pieces of 
shell fell in the yard. 

During the conflagration the white and black firemen, — 
who were pumping in front of the prison, drank whisky, fronoi 
the same bottle, and got "gloriously drunk," together. "What 
a people to talk of abolitionism, and sneer at negro equality. 

It is now the middle of September. Cases of Yellow Fe- 
ver were brought into the city, by blockade-runners, and the 
epidemic is raging among all classes of people. Of course the' 
alarm among the prisoners is very great, — knowing as we do- 
that should the disease bi*eak out in the prison, there will be 
but little hope for escape from death. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 59 

We had sweet potatoes for breakfast, this morning, and 
corn-cakes for dinner. Potatoes are 636,00 per bushel. Gold 
is worth $28,00 for $1,00, Confederate, on the streets ; but reb- 
el sharpers compel us to give one dollar in gold in exchange 
.for five dollars in Confederate currency. Many of us submit 
to this swindle as the rations have grown beautifully less ! 

Gen. B. F. Butler, agent for exchange, has written a let- 
ter to the New- York Times, which, if adhered to by the Gov- 
ernment, will prevent an exchange of prisoners during the war. 
The point on which the two governments contend seems io 
be the negro soldier ; and we fear the difficulty will remain 
long unsettled. 

The morning papers contain reports of Gen. Early hav- 
ing received a severe castigation, at the hands of the gallant 
Phil. Sheridan. The rebels admit their loss in killed and 
wounded to be terrible. This is the expedition that was to 
threaten (!) Washington, and carry " fire and sword " into 
Pennsylvania. =r 

Later papers give us the particulars of the battle, which 
was, indeed, desperate, — and resulted in a complete victory to 
the National arms ; yet many, many brave sons of freedom 
have fallen, and even the glad cheers of victory will be min- 
gled with the groans for our noble slain. 

AFTER THE BATTLE. 

After the battle ; and loud the gun 

Belches the tale of a battle won. 
A battle won, and the vict'ry ours — 

Strew the laurel, and twine the flowers. 



60 WHAT I SAW IN dixie; or, 

After the battle; 'tis twice we've won 
' These bays, and laurels we now put on. 
Twice we have filled these new-made graves — 
Rather than live like cringing slaves. 

After the battle ; but who shall know 

How many, and bitter, the tears that flow? 

How many — how sad the hearts — that wail 
The deadly path of the iron hail. 

After the battle ; and this is all — 

Save the fare^'ell gun, and the plumeless pall. 

They bear our dead to the silent shore — 
Silent and lone — Ah ! evermore. 

Generals Sherman and Hood have agreed upon a special 
exchange of one hundred and thirty officers, captured this 
Sd&nmer. My messmate, Lieut. Sill, hopes to be among the 
number ; if so I will take the opportunity of sending a letter 
to my friends, in the North, in answer to one I received thi3 
morning, which tells me " all are alive and well." It is the 
rt\pst welcome letter I have ever received, — enabling me to 
rest easier, as my anxiety is less. 

Last night the city was again furiously shelled — many of 
the bombs bursting fearfully" close to our prison quarters. 

There are now one thousand rebel officers on Morris 
Island, in retaliation for our condition. Remarkable times, 

indeed — when prisoners of war are used as targets ! 

Jeff. Davis is up to Macon, Georgia, making speeches — in 
which he says : "Sherman shall soon be driven out of the city 
with great disaster." 

The rebel. Gen. Early, has again been whipped by " little 
Phil." Poor Early ! he had better go back to his guardian — 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 61 

"Bobby Lee." He has lost all Lis cannons and about half of 
his men. 

Last night the city was more severely bombarded than at 
any time during the siege. The shells averaged one in every 
tv\'0 minutes. 

The yellow fever is still raging in the city. Many rebels, 
who guarded us, have fallen victims to the epidemic. Last 
night the captain in command of the prison, and his adjutant, 
died, and Avere hauled out this morning. 

The men who are at the Race Course are suffering greatly. 
No shelter and but little food. We hear of their conditions 
through the Sisters of Charity — Catholic ladies, who spend 
most of their time in trying to do good, and to alleviate the 
sufferings of all in the city — both friend and foe. They • tell 
us the boys at the Race Course are being swept off by starva- 
tion, exposure, and the frightful ravages of the yellow fever. 
We are now told that out of fifty of our fellow-officers, who 
were victims of the disease, <and taken out of this prison, but 
one is alive. 



CHAPTER VII. 

The rebels, on the otli inst., placed all of the officers, 
who were prisoners, on board the cars, and ran us down to 
Columbia, South Carolina — the Capital of the State. Num- 
"bers escaped on the route, but Avere mostly re-captured. — 
Some were killed in the attempt to escape. 

Columbia is probably the handsomest town in South Car- 
olina, besides being the Capital. On our arrival at the city 
we were turned out into an open lot, and remained there dur- 
ing a terrible rain-storm. At this place Lt. Clark was bayon- 
etted, by the guard, for attempting to buy a loaf of bread of 
another guard. 

After remaining in these- "quarters" one day Ave were re- 
moved to within two miles of the city, near the Congaree riv- 
er — a Avide and rapid stream, but not navigable. 

Maj. Marshall, Captains Page and Bascom, and Lieut. 
Hoffman, of my regiment, with many others, haA'e escaped 
from the cars. They are persevering men, and I think they 
will make their AAay to the North. God grant that they may, 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 63 

for they have endured much in prison, and more than deserve 
their freedom. * 

We have called our new prison "Camp Sorghum," from 
the fact that we receive little for rations, here, but "sorghum 
molasses" and corn-meal — the molasses not half boiled and al- 
most green in color. The field in which we are placed is 
entirely open, but surrounded by a forest of pine trees, — which 
we can only look at, wishing ourselves free and happy as the 
birds among their branches. We have no tents for shelter* but 
build houses of pine boughs, — which keep off the sun, but are 
no protection from the rain. 

The nights are quite cool ; we have but few blankets, con- 
sequently all of us suffer. We have had no meat issued to us, 
and but little wood for fires. 

The majority of the officers who escaped from the train, 
between here and Charleston, were chased down by blood- 
hounds and captured, — and this, too in the chivalrous State of 
South Carolina. Our band at this time numbered 1500. 

Yesterday our hearts were made glad by the receipt of a 
few boxes of clothing, and other articles, sent us from the 
North. My share was one flannel shirt and one towel. 

In view of the approaching election in the North, and the 
great interest taken in it by the people, we concluded to have 
an election of our own. Accordingly, notices were posted up 
through the camp, that all who wished to vote for Pres- 
ident could do so, at a certain officer's quarters in the pris- 

^ I have learned that these officers, after several nights of fatiguing 
march, and many narrow escapes, succeeded in reaching the Federal 
lines in East Tennessee. 



G4 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

on. Every man cast a vote, and the result was as follows r 

For Lincoln y 1 ,024 

ForMcClellan ■ 143 

This was the voice of men who had endured hardships, 
sufteriug and s-tarvation, but could not nor would not give their 
voles for a degrading peace. 

Many oflicers attempt to escape at night by running over 
the dead-line and passing the guards during the darkness. Of 
course, many are crippled, and some lives lost, by these at- 
tempts. The dead-line is only an imaginary line, marked by 
an occasional stick, twelve feet inside the outer guard line. — 
Any one seen approaching this line is instantly shot. 

I have traded for a suit of Confederate clothes, forged some 
passes, and intend to attempt my escape on the first dark 
night. 

Last night I sat up the greater part of the night, watching 
for an opportunity, but the moon shone brightly, and I dared 
not attempt to run the line. 

Lieutenant Ypung, of the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, 
while quietly sitting by his fire, yesterday evening, conversing 
with friends, was shot dead by one of the guards. Of course 
we all ran to the spot to see who was killed, when the rebel in 
command ordered us to disperse immediately or he would open 
the artillery on the camp. 

The ofiicer commanding the artillery posted near the camp 
has orders to open upon us the moment five shots have been 
fired by the guard. 

Scarcely a night passes by but some one attempts to es- 
cape, and the guards fire. Of course there is no telling when 
the fatal five shots may be fired, and the entire camp swept to 
destruction. 



SIXTEEn MOnTHS in REBEL PRISOnS. 65 

Captain Dirks attempted to run over the dead-line, but 
received a shot in the leg. 

We have no tents, and are drawing miserably poor rations^ 
For many days our only rations have consisted of corn meal, 
and molasses of the worst sort. 

The nights are chilly and cold, and often accompanied 
by severe rains. AVe have not sufficient fuel, and of course 
our sufferings are great. The little wood we receive, we 
carry on our backs nearly a quarter of a mile. 

On the 4th of November, while out with the others after 
wood, I determined to again attempt my escape. Quietly 
secreting myself in the brush, and not being missed by the 
guards who accompanied us, I remained there until nighty 
when I started in a Westerly direction, in company with 
Lieutenant Fritchie, of St. Louis, who,' also, had eluded the 
guards, and traveled nearly all night over sandy roads and 
through pine forests*. The night was cold, dark and windy. 
By midnight we heard the hounds after us, but managed to 
elude them, and secreted ourselves in a corn crib, and slept 
soundly until 7 o'clock in the morning, when we again took 
to the woods and traveled most of the day. 

Some other officers had escaped from prison, and the 
whole country Avas consequently on the watch for us. In the 
afternoon, leaving Lieutenant Fritchie in the bushes, I went 
into a house and purchased some corn bread. We then 
slept for two hours in the bushes, and at sundown started 
for a night's march. It was a desolate country — sandy bot- 
toms and dark pine trees. 

We had not proceeded far when we were met by two 
mounted rebels who were in the woods hunting ^deserters 



66 • WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

:from their own army. We were at once arrested, and started 
on a march for Lexington Jail. 

The officer who had charge of me spoke very kindly, 
and gave me assurances that his sympathies were with the 
North, but that Ke was suspected by the rebels, and dare not 
aid me in the least. I tugged along by his side, talking 
till midnight about the war and the South and its prospects 
of success. 

On arriving at Lexington, we were placed in one of the 
cells, without blankets or food. "NYe had remained there but 
two hours when a little boy came to the prison door and 
Landed the jailor a basket and a blanket, saying that the 
wife of the officer who had brought Lieutenant Byers there 
sent them with her compliments. On removing the cover 
from' the basket, we found it well filled with warm biscuit and 
other niceties which a person less hungry than I could well 
appreciate. 

WOMAN. 

Even in the darkest hour of earthly ill, 
Untarnished yet, thy fond afiection glows, 

Throbs with each pulse and beats with every thrill, 
Bright o' er the wasted scene thou hoverest still . 

Angel of comfort to the failing soul ; 

Undaunted by the tempest, wild and chill, 
That pours its restless and disastrous roll 

O'er all that blooms below, with sad and hollow howl. 

When sorrow rends the heart — when feverish pain 
"Wrings the hot drops of anguish from the brow, 

To soothe the soul — to cool the burning brow, 
0, who so welcome, and so prompt as thou ! 

Kind, sympathizing woman ! Oh, how our hearts went 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PKI80NS. 67 

out to YOU I Prisoners, and strangers in a strange land, yet we 
■were not forgotten. 

The next day was Sunday. We spent it in jail with sev- 
eral other officers who had been captured. In the cell adjoin- 
ing us was a woman confined for murder. 

Lexington is a small country town, and its citizens had 
never beheld one of the "Lincoln hirelings, or horned yaukees." 
Of course we were great objects of curiosity during the day. 

All the impudent boys, and bashful maidens, and the 
talkative old ladies flocked to the jail to see the caged beasts. 
One very credulous young Miss expressed her surpri'se on dis- 
covering that the yankees had no "horns," as she had often 
been assured. 

Our jailor is a crippled old rebel, who, judging from his 
language, has seen enough, as h'e expressed it, of " the cussed 
war." 

On the following morning, a company of rebel home- 
guards, armed with bowie-knives and shot-guns, came to the 
jail to march us back to the Columbia prison. The day was 
very warm, and we were compelled to march" most of the way 
without halting to rest. One of the officers complained jpf the 
forced march, stated that' his feet had given out and that he 
could go no further, when one of the guard presented his shot 
gun to his breast and, witli an oath, ordered him to go on. 
The officer hobbled along as best he could, and at 3 o'clock 
we v/ere again in prison. 

All that we had accomplished by our adventure was a 
break in the monotony of prison life. We had some sport, and 
above all, had plenty of bread and bacon from the darkies, to 
whom we never feared confiding our secrets. 
' I would here testify to the universal loyalty of the colored 



68 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

people throughout the South. Several times have I been aided 
by them, while a prisoner, in my attempts to escape ; and the 
testimony of scores of other ofiiccrs, who have been assisted to 
escape by them, corroborates my statement. Nothing that they 
possessed was too good or too dear to be given to the white 
soldiers who were fighting to save the life of the nation, and 
whom they knew to be their friends, I haye seen them go 
hungry and barefooted themselves, and travel all night as 
guides, giving their shoes to the escaped prisoners, and return- 
ing to their master's plantation with a certainty of receiving 
the severe'st punishment for their devotion to our cause. 

At last we have heard the result of the Northern election, 
and are all rejoicing to know that it has resulted in an over- 
whelming victory to the Union party. Lincoln and Johnson 
have been the choice of the loyal North, as well as of the Un- 
ion people of the South. The rebels are feeluig very sore over 
the result, but cannot help it and so say little about it. 

Our rations at the present consist of but a little sorghum 
and corn meal, with the smallest quantity of rice, so we are liv- 
ing very poorly. 

^veral thousand of the sick and wounded prisoners have 
been sent to Savannah to be. exchanged, but no commissioned 
officers are among the number as yet. 

I am messing at the present time with Lieut. J»Iorris, a 
gallant young officer from Eock Island, Illinois, who has 
suffered, uncomplainingly, for mai^y, many weary months. 

Our quarters are a sort of cave dug in the ground — 
three feet by eight, and three feet deep — over which we placed 
pine boughs, covering them with dirt. It is more like a 
grave than a house, — having just room sufficient to lie side 
by side and sleep. In the lower end we have a small fire^ 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN EEBEL PRISONS. * 69 

place, in whicli we burn pine knots — affording us a little firo 
to cook by, and a light at night. 

For several nights Lieut. Morris and myself have sat 
up the greater part of the night, in this little dungeon, read- 
ing old papers, talking over the past and wondering about the 
future. 

All the boxes and provisions which have been sent ug, 
by our friends in the North, with a very few exceptions, hat« 
been stolen by the rebels. 

We are almost out of clothing. Many officers are going 
barefooted and bareheaded. To-day I am going in my 
drawers, in order that I may wash my only pair of pants.— 
Many of the officei*s have but a single shirt, and necessarily 
go half naked when washing it. 

November 25th, 1864. — Camp Sorghum, South Carolina. 
To-day makes one year for me in prison — a long, dark, lone- 
some blank it has been in my existence. One year further on 
in life's journey, and nothing whatever has been accomplished. 
How much longer must this thankless suffering last. None 
but the two Governments can answer, and they will not.— 
Still, I am for my country, now and forever! 

Lieut. Morris and myself have received an axe, and are . 
now building a log cabin — hoping to live more comfortably. 

We have news that Sherman has burned Atlanta, and has 
started on a campaign to the sea. Many prisoners escape from 
camp, and try to reach his lines ; but are generally re-cap- 
tured by the blood-hounds. 

Last night my friend, Lieut. Ecking, of New-Jersey, was 
shot dead while attempting to pass the camp guard. In the 
evening he had offered the guard a watch if he would permit 
two* or three to pass him during the night. He stepped over 



70 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

the dead-line, and going up to the guard presented him a 
watch, when he was instantly shot. He was a noble young 
man, and died in striking for liberty. Other officers have 
been shot, lately, but none killed. 

The weather is rather warm, to-day. We have but little 
news from Sherman, as we are not allowed to see the papers. 

Our only way of securing fuel is by giving our parole not 
to attempt an escape, when squads of three or four are allowed 
to pass the line»into the woods, and bring what wood they can 
obtain without axes. Of course, by so slow a process only half 
the fuel necessary can be procured. 

No meat has been issued to us for months. To-day a 
wild hog dashed out of the woods, passed the guards, and 
fearlessly crossing the dead-line, marched down through the 
camp. All hands were after the pork. Clubs, stones and ax- 
es were brought into requisition, and finally, having raced 
Irom one end of the camp to the other, "porkey" was com- 
pelled to "surrender ; " he was brought down and divided into 
about one hundred rations. In a few minutes the rebel offi- 
cers came in to see the cause of the alarm, when their atten- 
tion was called to the hog's hide, and were told that we were 
no longer "Jews," but that, that said "grunter" was "done 
gone ! '"' 

A man from Pocatalico came here with a pack of blood- 
hounds, to make his living by running down escaj^ed prison- 
ers. Every morning, at daylight, the hounds are raced around 
the outside of the camp, to see if any prisoner has escaped dur- 
ing the night ; if any one has succeeded in evading the vig- 
ilance of the guards the hounds are at once put upon his track, 
and generally before night the unfortunate striker for liberty 
is returned to prison. 



SIXTEEn MOUTHS IN REBEL PRISOnS. 71 

This morning two hounds, belonging to this pack, ven- 
tured into the camp among the prisoners. We immediately 
adopted a resolution that " these blood-hounds had caught 
their last yankee ; and seizing the axe we cut their heads oS", 
and threw them into an old well. The owner of the hounds^ 
accompanied by an officer of the guard, immediately came inf 
on the search. The lifeless bodies of the hounds were taken 
out from the well, with many a dire imprecation upon the 
heads of the yankee murderers. Threats were made that ere 
a week's time had passed two officers should pay the penalty 
with their lives. As it would seem, to carry out their hellisB; 
design, an officer who subsequently escaped, was caught in a 
tree by a rebel before the hounds reached the spot, and was or* 
dered to come down from the tree ; the hounds were called and 
set upon him — tearing him so fearfully that he died in a feur 
days. 

Most of our sleep is secured during the daytime, as it is 
'too cold too sleep through the night. We spend the night in 
walking about, and when the sun rises we lie down to sleep. — 
Of course such unnatural habits are productive of unhealthful 
physical conditions, and many a victim is taken to the little 
grave yard, just opposite the camp. 

The prison is now commanded by Maj. Griswold and I>t. 
Cooper — both South Carolinians. 

Another officer, Lieut. Turbayne, of the Sixteenth New- 
York, was foully murdered, this morning, by one of the guards^ 
He was walking along the path, near the dead-line, whicli 
path was often frequented by the prisoners, when the guard, & 
Mr. Williams, of Newbury Court House, presented his gu» 
and ordered him to go back ; . the lieutenant immediately- 
turned and walked back a step or two, when this hell-commis- 



'72 WHAT I SAW IW DIXIE ; OK, 

sloned scoundrel shot him in the laack — killing him instantlj. 
This dastardly coward had often sworn that he wovild kill a 
yankee before he left the camp. We complained of the mur- 
derer to Maj. Griswold, in command, and demanded an inves- 
tigation ; but received no reply whatever. We had made 
.threats that should this murderer ever be allowed in camp 
•again, we would kill him. The next morning Maj. Griswold 
inarched him into the camp — surrounded by a body guard — 
for the purpose of intimidating and humiliating the prisoners ; 
aa, of course, we dared not carry out our threats. 

Yesterday one of the rebel guards was placed in the 
stocks for misconduct, when the whole rebel company refused 
to d© duty. Troops were called out, and the entire company 
If as arrested and sent to jail. 

Our little cabins are now completed, and a majority of us 
have shelter ; but no sooner are they completed than we have 
orders to prepare to go to another camp, — where we have to 
remain without shelter, again, for weeks or months. 

December 12th. — To-day we were marched up into the 
city and placed in the enclosure belonging tp the lunatic assy- 
lum. It is a small lot — one acre in extent — surrounded by 
a brick wall, twelve feet high. We have no shelter whatever, 
and the weather is very disagreeable ; are allowed no papers, 
^and can only guess at the events going on outside. 

I have made an arrangement with a friendly negro -to 
bring me an occasional rebel paper. I learn by one of them 
that Gen. Sherman has captured Savannah, and presented it 
to the President as a Christmas gift. Also that Gen. Thom- 
as has whipped Hood's army twice, during^ the last month, 
iu the vicinity of Nashville. Hood had fifteen generals 
killed and wounded. The fighting Irishman — Pat. Cleburne 

5 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 73 

— is among the killed. Hood has lost 5,000 men and 49 
cannon in his last fight. 

Defeat is now attending the rebels everywhere. So we 
prisoners can rejoice even amid our sorrows. 

We do little in the camp but eat and sleep, as it is too 
cold for study. I walk about the camp the greater part of 
the nights. 

Yesterday I composed the song entitled Sherman's Marc h 
to the Sea. An officer — Lieut. Eockwell, of New York — has 
written music tor it, and our Glee Club will soon sing it fcr 
the prisoners. 

Savannah surrendered on Wedne:-day morning. So Sher- 
man has completed the grandest campaign in history. 

The rebels mourn considerably, and think that South Car- 
olina will soon run red with blood. God grant that she may 
soon receive the just deserts of her crimes. '' 

December 25, 1865. — This is my second Christmas in prison. 
The day is cold, dark and disagreeable. We have but little 
wood and can scarcely keep from freezing. AVe spent the day 
singing songs, dancing, hallooing, and running about tlie camp 
to keep from freezing.' 

I have received a little Confederate raonc}^, and Lieuten- 
ant Austin, my present messmate, and myself have added 
something to our bill of fare. For breakfast we had mutton 
soup and corn cakes. 

The health of the prison is now pretty good — there being 
but 34 prisoners in the hospital. 

I managed to get a few letters North a few da}s ago. Lt. 
Tower, of Ottumwa, Iowa, who had lost a leg in the army, and 
was afterv/ai'ds captured, was now to be exchanged and fent 
home. He wears a hollow artificial limb in the place of the 



74 WHAT I SAW IN dixie; or, 

one lost. This we packed full of letters, one of which contained 
Sherman's March to the Sea. The rebels little suspected 
our novel way of communicating with our friends. The Lieu- 
tenant went safely through, and the letters were all delivered. 

Now that we have some barracks completed, we are ena- 
bled to have a little fire and light at night. At least one-half 
the night is spent in playing cards, chess, &c. 

Another new year is upon us, the war is not ended and we 
are still in prison. Our greatest source of amusement is the 
Gke Club and a string band organized in the prison. The 
Gle3 Club consists of Major Isett, of Iowa, Captain Patterson, 
of Washington City and Captain Daniels, of Massachusetts — 
all good singers, who do much to drive away the dull hours of 
prison life. The instruments were purchased by contribution 
from the officers in Charleston. Lieutenant Rockwell plays 
the flute, the two Captains Chandler accompany with the vio- 
lin and bass viol. 

The rebels often come in and call for music, and, strange 
to say, will sometimes allow us to sing our national songs. — 
Among others, Sherman's March to the Sea has been sung 
and received Avith great applause, — the rebels themselves 
encoring it. 

This evening, when the Glee Club was singing in front of 
the Hospital, a rebel who had formerly belonged to our regu- 
lar army, on hcai'ing the "Star Spangled Banner" sung, said, 
with tears in his eyes : " Boys, I am a rebel, but still I love to 
hear your " Star Spangled Banner" sung, and to look on the 
starry flag ! 

The weather now-a-days is very disagreeable. The wind 
blows cold, and, .with but little fire, the Christmas times are 
anything but merry. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 75 

Occasional papers are received in camp which contain ac- 
counts of fighting at different points in tlie Confederacy, at all 
of which the rebels are being sadly defeated. This is the only 
consolation we have. So long as our armie^s are victorious we 
can bear imprisonment cheerfully. 

Last night I played chess until midnight, when, half fro- 
zen, I went to bed and dreamed of happiness and homo, but 
awoke this morning to find the reality a very different thing. 

I washed my clothes to-day, and think I did a very nicd 
job of it. I am also an expert hand at baking pancakes. 

We have received more Confederate money, which is worth 
about three cents on the dollar. Still, my mess livea a little 
better than heretofore. 

Beef is now selling at S-i per pound. Potatoes $2o per 
bushel. Butter 814 per pound. Star candles $24 per pound. 
Lard $14 per pound. Flour $500 per bbl. 

The above prices I copied from this morning's South Caroti' 
nian. What little meat my mess eats now costs $8 per day, as 
the rebels have not issued a bit of meat for months. They 
have never issued a stitch of clothing, and some of the officers 
here in camp are entirely barefooted and bareheaded. 

AVe have news that Sherman has left Savannah, and is 
marching into South Carolina. 

The city of Savannah has returned to the Union, and 
claims protection from the Government. She has acted wisely, 
and the indications are that other cities, and even States, may 
do like^vise. 

Troops are daily passing through the city to confront 
Sherman. They are mostly South Carolinians, fighting on their 
own soil. They appear to be in high spirits, as they cheer vo- 
ciferously when passing the prison. 



76 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OK, 

Frank Blair has arrived in Kiclimond on a peace ixiission. 
Wiiat will come of it, no one knows, and we prisoners care less ; 
but would prefer to see liini remain at home, and the war pros- 
ecuted until ti'aitors arc willing to lay down their arms and re- 
turn to their allegiance. Powder and lead are the only agents 
that will bring about a permanent peace with rebels. Every 
man in prison is opposed to making- them any concessions what- 
ever. The only privileges we Avould give them would be the 
benefit of the Confiscation Act and the payment of the war 
debt, after enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation to the 
letter. They are rebels, and not revolutionists ; and as such 
should be punished to the extent of the law. If the cup be 
bitter, it is of their own choosing. Let them drain it to the 
dregs. 

On tlic 19th inst. wer received news of the capture cf. Foil 
Fisher, on Cape Fear River, near Wilmington. The rebel 
General Whiting was captured with the garrison. . This fort 
was the key to Wilmington, and of course the city will soon 
be in our hands. 

For some strange reason Butler failed to capture the forts, 
and returned North. 

Tlie rebels are now becoming desj^erate, and demand that 
the slaves be armed at once. Six months ago they declared 
that to arm the slaves was to abandon the whole principle of 
the contest ; for of course emancipation must be granted the 
slave as a rev>'ard for his services. " Oh, consistency, thou art 
a jewel ! " 

Senator Foote, of the rebel Cuin;rL:-s, has been arrested as 
an enemy to the South, and so the ball rolls^on. 

The Peace-Commission, composed of Stevens, of Georgia, 
Hunter, of Virginia, and Campbell, of Alabama, met Presi- 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 77 

(lent Lincoln at Fortress Monroe, who informed tliem that a 
peace could only be attained by the rebels laying down their 
arms and returning to their allegiance. 

The Congress of the United States has amended the Con- 
stitution so as to prohibit slavery forever. The prisoners re- 
joice at this, and thank God for it. 

I have learned that my former messmate, Major Ed. E. 
Sill, of Livonia, N. Y., who escaped with two or tliree others 
from Camp Sorghum, has reached the Korth in safety. They 
spent many nights in climbing over the mountains of Tennes- 
see, through deep snow and cold storms of winter. Major Sill 
ti'aveled the last two nights of his terrible journey barefooted, 
having lost his shoes ^vhile wading a rapid stream in the moun- 
tains. He bore his prison life Avith a brave heart, and now, by 
persevering tlirough toil and danger, he is at home, breathing 
the free air of the old Empire State. 

General Sherman's army is now at Branchville, and the 
authorities of this city are very much frightened lest he shall 
march here and release the prisoners, and, perhaps, burn the 
city, as it deserves. 

They now begin to talk of moving us to some i^oint of 
safety, but to what particular locality no one knows, as the 
safe points in the Confederacy are few and far between. 

I have concmded that should they move us again to make 
another desperate attempt to escape. 

The rebel General "Winder, the inhuman commander of 
all the prisons in the South, died on the 11th inst. He dropped 
dead from a stroke of paralysis. On the announcement of hia 
death the prisoner greatly rejoiced, and some of them raised a 
mud monument in the center of the camp, on which was in- 
scribed the last words of the tyrannical general : "Cut off the 



78 WHAT I SAW IIT DIXIE ; OK, 

molasses, boys." Another inscription was : " General Winder 
died and went to Hell. The Devil, thinking himself superce- 
ded, turned out the guard to receive him." 

Winder was the most inhuman brute, perhaps, in the 
whole Confederacy, and, next to Davis, the most powerful. It 
was by his orders that all the suffering and starvation at An- 
dersonville, and other prisons in the South, was brought 
about. 

On the 13th of February we received orders to be ready 
to move at a moment's notice. I resolved to remain behind as 
long as possible, and for the third time try to effect an es- 
cape. The weather was cold and disagreeable. On the 14th 
600 ofHcers were placed in cattle cars and hurried away from 
the city. 

The reports now were that iSherman, with a large army, 
was marching on the city. On the night of the 15th the re- 
mainder of the officers were taken out of tlie camp and m.arch- 
ed to the depot, and started for North Carolina. 

• Lieutenant Deviue', of Philadelphia, and myself have ar- 
ranged a plan for escape. We have removed a board from the 
ceiling in the hospital, making an opening through which we 
may pass into the garret above, and perhaps elude the guard 
till the troops are marched away. * 

The prisoners were taken away this morning at daylight, 
and Lieutenant Devine and myself remained in our hiding 
places listening to the rebels below hunting for us. All day 
they searched — under the barracks, in holes in the ground, and 
in every conceivable place that they imaginad a yankee could 
hide himself in. In the mean time we lay in the dark hole 
over the ceiliuo; and trembled for our fate should we be disco v- 



SIXTEEn MOUTHS in REBEL PRisons. 79 

ered. A few other officers were concealed in the same garret, 
awaiting events. 

Night came at last, dark and dreary. About midnight 
Devine and myself concluded to slip out of our hiding place 
and inspect the premises. We went down. All was silent. — 
There were no guards in the sentry-boxes on the high wall 
around the camp. We took off our shoes and quietly crossed 
over the dead-line to the wall, but it was too high to climb. — 
With the aid of a scantling we happened to stumble over, I 
managed to reach the top of the wall, when I beheld, not a 
clear coast, but a line of guards on the ground, who evidently 
were watching for us. I was discovered on the wall and they 
were after us in a twinkling. In jumping from the wall I 
dropped this diary from my clothes. The guard nearest us 
came up into the sentry-box, and perhaps thinking we would 
again attempt to scale the wall, stooped down in his box be- 
hind it, in order that he might shoot us should we attempt to 
climb up. While he was in this position he could not see the 
dead-line, so I crossed back, snatched up the papers and had 
them safe. 

The alarm was again raised, when a number of the guards 
rushed into the prison swearing they had seen us, and should 

they find us they vrould " be d d if they didn't burn us 

alive ! We were then standing in one of the barracks near the 
gate. The rebels thinking they had chased us under one of 
the other cabins set fire to it to burn us up. They were terri- 
bly exasperated, having been compelled to remain behind for 
the sole purpose of catching a few **cussed yankess" who were 
attempting to escUpe. 

We knew if they found us our chance of life would be 
very slim, so we determined to make a bold stroke, and if pos- 



80 WHAT I PAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

sible get outside the wall, which by this time was well guarded. 
Pulling our old blankets around us, which made us look more 
like rebels than yankee?, v/e went out among the swearing 
"Jonuies," gazed on the fire a moment, and then approached 
the sentinel at the gate, saying the rebel Captain ordered us to 
go out after buckets to carry water to put out the fire. 

" All right," says the sentinel, " pass out." 

And out we passed, when we saw another squad of senti- 
nels in front of the gate. We. ran by these, and in five minutes 
Avere in the middle of Main street, marching into the city. — 
Here we met a squadron of rebel cavalry, but a friendly cul- 
vert under the street was near, and we dodged into it, while 
they rode over us. 

We w'ere uoav out of prison, but what was to be done ? — 
We were in an enemy's city, filled with a great army, and day- 
light would certainly end our freedom. 

There were but few lights in the city, and we approached 
the one nearest us. Devine secreted himself while I inspected 
it. It was certainly in a negro cabin, for I saw a black man 
pass the window. I knocked and he came to the door. After 
taking him into the garden I revealed myself, and asked his 
assistance in our escaj)e. 

He was loyal, as all the blacks were, and replied : " Yes^ 
massa, I knows all about you. I'se seed you down dere in de 
stockade many a time, and oh, how I'se pitied you !" 

I knew now I was a free man ! 

His words fell on my ears like words from Paradise. He 
was true, and would secrete us in his garret until Sherman's 
army entered the city. 

I slipped back to Devine and told him the glorious ti- 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. ' 81 

dings. We would be free ! A fellow bondman would loose 
our chains. 

AVe both went back into the garden, and there, in the- 
darkness, we seized that old slave's hand, and swore that while 
we lived our hands and our voices should ever be used in be- 
half of his oppressed race. We meant the words, and by the 
grace of God will keep tliem good ! 

The man's name v/as Edward Edwards. 

He now helped us into his garret, and we felt safe. — 
He gave us a bed of straw, and we rested in sweet sleep till 
morning, and Avhen we awoke, our faithful friend was there, 
Avaiting to give us food and water. 

Shei-man's army was now nearing the city, and a furious 
bombardment was going on. IMany of the yankee shells came 
fearfully close to the cabin in which we were quartered. 

Our colored friend now became our courier. We feared 
least Sherman might fail to take the city, and our escape thus 
be entirely foiled. We must know the news. How did the 
battle progress ? and would the rebels evacuate the city ? 

So at least once an hour our friend would go up into 
the business part of the city and listen to the conversation 
of the rebels concerning the prospects, then hurry back and 
tell us what he had thus gleaned. 

" They pears to be mighty gloomy, massa. They's haul- 
ing the cotton out into the streets to burn, and I thinks Mr, 
Sherman will take the city." 

In the yard adjoining and immediately under our win- 
dow (a little hole we had cut in the gable end of the house), 
were the quarters of the rebel General Chesnut. As the battle 
■waxed warm, the general appeared very nervous, walking up 



82 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OR, 

and down the porch, giving orders to his aids and prepar- 
ing to evacuate the city. 

We could hear' every word he said, and by his talk 
and movements were able to judge how the battle ebbed and 
flowed. 

Little did he think two horrible yankees were close 
above his head chuckling over his sad appearance when he 
said to an aid, "Sherman has a bridge down, and will soon be 
over the river, and the game's up. "We are whipped, and 
must leave the city." 

His aids mounted and rode out of the city, followed by a 
small and sorrowful train of the general's military family. — 
The general came down into the yard, called one of his ser- 
vants, bade her take good care of things, said " good-bye," took 
a long, last look at his home, and slowly rode away. 

We now knew that our good time was coming. It was 
about noon of the seventeenth of February, 1865. 

Shortly our old friend came running in, almost out of 
breath, and in his untutored eloquence cried, " Thank the 
Lord, tiiQ stars and stripes are waving over the Capital of 
South Carolina. Just look here and you can see 'em. Thank 
the Lord, thank the Lord ! " 

We looked, and there was the dear old flag. We felt like 
shouting till the roof would raise from the house, but prudence 
taught us better, as some of the rebels were still passing down 
the street, out of the city, followed by the Federal cavalry. 

" Friend Edwards, run up town and bring down a Federal 
soldier, and let us be certain that the city is ours," we ex- 
claimed. 

During his absence Devine and myself were shaking each 
others hands in mutual congratulation. 



eiXTEEU MOUTHS IN REBEL PRISODS. 83 

In a few minutes our friend came running in with an Iowa 
soldier. He grasped our hands and welcomed us back to 
freedom. * 

We immediately secured money and free passes for our 
more than friend, and hurried up into the city to meet the 
troops from God's land. 

The 13th Iowa were first in the city, and had stacked 
arms in the street. 

"We saw the dear old flag, for which we had suffered so 
much, resting on the gims. We seized it, and with many a 
fervent kiss pressed it to our bosoms, thanking God that it had 
passed through all, victorious, unsullied and unstained. 

An hour was passed in greetings among our friends on the 
streets, when General Sherman, attended by a magnificent cor- 
tege, entered the city. 

T]\e bands played " Hail Columbia," and a hundred flags 
fluttered in the breeze. 

As Sherman came into the Main street, a tremendous shout 
from the soldiers fairly rent the heavens. It Avas "Sherman," 
"Yictoi-ious Bil]y Sherman." 

Devine and myself, with two or three other prisoners who 
had also escaped, were standing on the stone steps of a store, 
gazing in wonder and admiration on the scene before us, when 
the General rode up, and observing us, called us out, and shook 
i^ warmly by the hand, welcoming us back to liberty. 

At this point Lieutenant Devine presented him the follow- 
ing song, which had been chanted so often in prison, and was 
novv' destined to a like honor from the grand old army that had 
marched with Sherman to the Sea. • 



84 %YIIAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OP, 

SHERMAN'S MARCH TO THE SEA 

Onr camp fires slicne briglit on the monn tains 

That frowned oS'tbe river below, 
While we stood by oar guns in tlie morning 

And eagerly watched for the foe — 
When a rider came out from the darknosa 

That hung over mountain and tree, 
And shouted, "Bojs up and bo ready. 

For Sherman will inarch to the sea." 
Then cheer upon cheer for bold Sherman 

Went up from each vailey and glen, 
And the bugles re-echoed the music 

That came from the lips of the men. 
For we knew that the stars in our banner 

More bright in their splendor would be. 
And that blessings from Northland would greet us 

When Sherman marched down to the sea. 
Then forward, boys, forward to battle. 

We marched on our wearisome way. 
And we stormed the wild hills of Resaca, 

— God bless those who fell on that day — 
Then Kenesaw, dark in its glory, 

Frowned down on the flag of the free. 
But the East and the West bore our standards, 

And Sherman marched on to the sea. 
Still onward we pressed, till our banners 

Swept out from Atlanta's grim walls 
And the blood of the patriot dampened 

The soil where the traitor flag falls; 
But we paused not to weep ftir the fallen. 

Who slept by each river and tree ; 
Yet we twined them a wreath of the laurel 

As Sherman marched down to the sea. 
O, proud was our army that morning 

That stood where the pine darkly towers, 
When Sherman said : "Boys, you are weary, 

This day fair Savannah is ours." 
Then sang we a song for our chieftain 

That echoed o'er river and lea. 
And the stars in our banner shone brighter 

When Sherman marched down to the sea. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 85 

As the troops entered the city, the negroes met them witli 
bottles and buckets of wine. All was rejoicing and excitement. 

The rebel Wade Hampton, before leaving . the city, had 
scattered hundreds of bales of cotton in the streets to-be burned 
to prevent their falling into the hands of Sherman's army.— • 
Many of the bales had been fired before he left the city, and 
were still burning, when about three o'clock a heavy wind rose 
and swept down the street of the city, almost blinding our eyes 
with dust and carrying the burning cotton to the roofs of many 
of the buildings. 

Shortly after dark the horrible cry of " fire ! fire ! the city 
is on fire ! " fell upon our ears. It was tru^e; and now followed 
such a scene of terror as I hope never to see again. The boys, 
too, were spreading the conflagration by firing the city in g, 
hundred places. 

Lieutenant Devine and myself were stopping with a Union 
man on Main street, by the name of Cooper. He was a wealthy 
Philadelphian, who had lived in Columbia in luxury for some 
years. But this was to be his last day of wealth and ease, for 
the conflagration of that day made the old man a beggar. 

When night came, many of our soldiers were intoxicated, 
and running through the streets yelling like madmen. 

There were also prisoners, who had escaped from the ene- 
my at diiferent points, and some of them, infuriated by the 
hellish treatment they had received at the hands of the rebels, 
joined in the terrible scene. 

Plunder was the order of the dc.j, or rather of the night. 
Private residences and stores were burst open, and fired after 
being rifled of their most valuable contents. By nine o'clock 
at night the fire was at its height ; the flames swej)t over the 



86 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE ; OK, 

streets and houses like a roaring torrent. Kumbers of the in- 
toxicated soldiers revelled in burning houses until the charred 
walls fell in, when they perished beneath them. Old fiien sat 
by their burning homes and wept; women, frightened into ma- 
niacs, screamed in the streets. 

It was a scene of terror, and there seemed no pity. Num- 
bers of the citizens had carried their finest furniture — such as 
pianos, etc., into the streets, to save it, when some soldier 
would approach, sit down to an instrument, and by the light 
of the burning houses, play the " D^mFs Dream." It was 
Nero fiddling over burning Rome ! 

One woman, whose property I attempted to save from the 
devouring element, lost her child ; supposing it to be killed, 
grew wild, and begged to be th'rown into the flames — to be de- 
stroyed with her child. After an hour's search I found her 
child, in the arms of a faithful negress, who had taken it to a 
safe point to save it from the danger. I took it to the moth- 
er who, frantic with alarm, scarcely recognized her own lost 
child. 

The heat from the burning houses was almost intolerable. 
I spent the greater portion of the night walking around the 
city — witnessing the terrible events going on around me. — 
The beautiful gardens, flowers, trees and shrubbery, for which 
the city was noted, were all destroyed. Churches, colleges 
and cathedrals, were broken down, and daylight of Sunday 
morning saw the city a black and smoking desert of ruins. 

Around the charred ruins of their homes were grouped 
whole families, mourning and weeping over the terrible desola- 
tion. Who could see it and not feel that Justice had been 
avenged in this great curse on the city. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS, ST 

I sorrowed for the unfortunate innocents who were thus 
tumbled from opulence and luxury to worse than beggary, but 
for those who had caused it by their crimes, in my heart I bad 
no pity. I only felt I saw — 

"The Desolator desolate." 

The army was soon on the move, again, for Cheraw, NortR 
Carolina, and I had found friends with that noble regiment — 
the Tenth Iowa. 

My own regiment no longer existed as an organization, 
"With killed, wounded and captured, there were few left of the 
brave one thousand, Avho had marched out from our gallant 
young Iowa at the Nation's call. 

"Forth they came, a host of freemen, 
From the setting of the sun. 
Every hand was as a thousand — 
While their hearts they were as one.. 

Long shall wave that starry banner, 
That they bore so bravely on. 
Long shall freemen point, in triumph, 
To the battles they have won." 

All who were captured from my Company, save one, died 
in Andersonville. Isaac Cartright lived to tell the sad story 
at home of our dear comrades. Isaac and David Loudeuback, 
Matthew, William, and Jared Sparks, Daniel Bixler, and oth- 
ers, died, like Christian heroes, in that terrible slaughter pen. 
Brave and good men, all of them. 

" But not in vain, they gave their spirits out — 
Our Nation's life is sweeter for their blood." 



88 WHAT I SAW in dixie; or, 

Sixteen months ago, eighty of my Regiment were cap- 
tured, and taken into Southern prisons. To-day, but sixteen 
of them live to tell the story. 

Maj. Marshall made his escape, so did Captains Page and 
Bascom, and Lieutanants John and Mike Hoffman. They ran 
the guards, and reached our lines in East Tennessee. 

I spent a few days Avith my friends in the Tenth Iowa, 
when Gen. Sherman sent for me, and, furnishing horse, saddle 
and tent, gave me a position, for the time, on his staff. I now 
had pleasant times, and I felt the contrast between starving in 
prison and living at the head quarters of a great army. 

Sherman wa& now on his march back, through the Caroli- 
nas, and was at the head of the great and victorious army 
which marched with him to the sea. Every man was enthusi- 
astic, and felt that victory could but follow when Sherman 
led. The General's appearance on the road, near a Division, 
was always the signal for loud and continued cheers "for Billy 
Sherman," and many were the instances, on that march, prov- 
ing how devotedly the men were attached to their beloved » 
commander. 

Nor Avas that feeling thrown away upon Sherman, for he 
loved his army, and delighted to talk about lais dear, brave 
boys, who rallied around his standard. No general — not ex- 
cepting Napoleon — ever possessed so much of the great heart 
of an army, or was so idolized as Sherman, and he deserved 
it all. Afterwards, when certain officials and portions of the 
pBople, forgetting their great benefactor, refused to throw the 
mantle of charity over his seeming mistakes, they little thought 
how deeply they were wounding the hearts of the brave* boys 
who loved him so well in spite of his errings. 

Our arm^ had captured Cheravr, with its forty cannon, 
6 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEL PRISONS. 89 

and all the prominent generals came to headquarters to rejoic 
over the victory. 

Howard, " the Christian General," was there, and Johnny 
Logan, " the fighting General." Kilpatrick, the raider, with 
Corse, and a score of other stars, bright in the canopy of Mars, 
were there. 

It was Sherman's military family, gathered in for a 
thanksgiving. They all rejoiced. Yet Sherman, even then, 
paced nervously up and down his quarters, his mind fixed on 
the future of the nation whose colors floated over a thousand 
camps before him. 

Over the river, and a rapid march to Fayetteville, and 
that was ours, with its immense arsenals and vast quantities of 
munitions of war. 

Dispatches were to be sent to General Grant and the Pres- 
ident, and I was the lucky one to go. It was a hundred miles 
down Cape Fear River to the coast, and the rebels were on 
both sides. A small tug boat had run the blockade and joined 
us. In this boat, with a number of other soldiers, we ran down 
the river in the darkness of the night, and daylight found us in 
the city of "Wilmington. 

We steered down the harbor the next morning, and were 
transferred to the steamer Edward Everett. She was not laden, 
and my orders were to make no delay in reaching Gen. Grant, 
near the city of Richmond. By nine o'clock we sailed, under 
a stiflf breeze, which increased to a gale towards night. We 
were oif Cape Hatteras, and having no freight for ballast, our 
vessel could not ride the waves, but rocked like a bowl in the 
troughs between them. 

I was sick. Oh ! how sick ! Numbors hung to the rail 
and seemed to be throwing their fitoniiichs out as offerings to 



90 WHAT I SAW 111 DIXIE ; OR, 

Neptune. The table.s and chair.s, broken from their fastenings, 
were on a grand high, chasing each other to and fro across the 
cabin floor. Tlie dishes tumbled out at the pantry door, and 
to us " land-lubbers" it seemed terrible indeed. 

The Captain swore, and the sailors worked calmly away, 
coiling and uncoiling the huge piles of rope, lifting the sails 
and picking up boxes, blocks, etc., Avhich had been tumbled 
about by the storm. 

Sundown brought a calm, and ])art of that night was spent 
in the steamer's cabin, dancing and singing songs. 

At daylight we could see the dark walls of Fortress Mon- 
roe, and by noon a dispatch bearer from Sherman was an- 
iiounced to General Grant. 

I was thanked for my promptness, an^' Grant was more 
than pleased ovei* the success of his friend kSherman. 

" And you want to go home, don't you ?" said Grant. 

" I should be most happy," I replied. 

" Colonel," said the General, "give the Lieutenant free 
transi)ortation to Washington, and a furlough to go home and 
remain as long as he wishes." 

A brief glance at the army of the Potomac, and I was 
again steering down tlie James and up the Potomac to the city 
of Washington. 

A week spent in seeing the sights in the Capital of the Na- 
tion was followed by an honorable discharge from the service, 
and I was off" for my home in loyal Iowa, — a free man in a 
free land ! 

I had lived to see the glorious old flag, for which I had 
suffered so much, acknowledged the representative of the most 
magnanimous as well as most powerful nation on the face of 
the earth. 



SIXTEEN MONTHS IN REBEI^ PRISONS. 



91 



My service was done. I had served my country as 1 be- 
lieved faithfully; and now I was to reaj) my reward in home, 
friends and peace, — yet willing and ready, should duty call, 
to again go, and if need be, sacrifice life itself to aid in main- 
taining the honor and dignity of our now free Rp:public I 




A.I>I»EIVr>IX 



ANDERSONVILLE AS IT WAS AND IS. 

A correspondent of the Boston Transcript has faithfully told what An- 
dersonville was and is, in the following account : 

' ' Anderson villa, to-day, presents a striking contrast to Andersonville 
of the ' ' Confederacy. ' ' Then it swarmed with rebel troops and officers, 
and, with its stockades full to overflowing with human misery, and death 
reaplDg daily harvests from among the emaciated soldiers in the rude hos- 
pitals, looked little like the quiet village of to day as it lies beneath the 
warm, pleasant sun of a Southern spring, with the gentle breeze dallying 
with the beautiful flag of the republic, as it floats from the staff in front of 
the office of the cemetery. No bayonet gleams from the sentry-boxes on 
the stockade or the dark red earthworks ; no frowning muzzle of field ar- 
tillery glowers from the embrasures of the battery, overlooking town and 
prisons ; no swarms of hungry, half- naked prisoners throng the hillsides j 
but all is quiet as death, except when the silence is broken by the passing 
train of cars or the echoing horn calling the workmen to and from their 
labors. 

Within a distance of less than 1 ,000 yards of the railroad station, and 
due east from it, stands the "stockade," or, as it is often called, the 



APPENDIX. 93 

" prison pen." It is an indosure, without a roof, about 2,000 feet long by 
800 wide, and is bnilt of logs from ten to twelve inches in diameter, set 
upright and close together in trenches about five feet deep. At about 100 
feet from this is another stockade, which completely surrounds the other. 
This was built to prevent tunneling, and as an additional obstacle in case 
of an outbreak of the prisoners. Around the top of the inner stockade, 
and at a distance of about sixty feet apart, are sentry-boxes, from which 
the guards can overlook their charges. About twenty feet from the base 
of the stockade was the " dead-line." Traces of this are still abundant, 
but the relic hunters are making inroads on it, and in a few years not a 
trace of fct will be le ft. 

The ground inside the stockade slopes down from the north and south 
towards a small stream about five feet wide and six inches deep, which 
crosses the inclosure at right angles with its longest sides. Traces of the 
occupants still exist in the shape of mud and stick huts, mud chimneys, 
•' burrows," rusty canteens, old shoes, beef bones, and such debris as usu- 
ally remains in an old camp. Nine wells were dug by the prisoners, but 
the main supply of water was obtained from the stream ; the tramp of 80 
many thousand feet, and the filth of the ground, kept the water in a con- 
dition that rendered it altogether unfit for use. The water to-day is clear 
and beautiful. 

South of the stockade, and about three hundred yards distant, is th* 
hospital stockade, which surrounds fourteen open sided sheds like those in 
prison pen, with the exception of having mud and stick chimneys, but they 
are far better protected from the winter winds by their proximity to the 
stockade logs. 

Directly to the west of the hospital stockade, and two thousand feel 
distant, stand the Confederate hospitals, two large frame buildings, well 
built and comfortable. Tbese buildings are now occupied by freedmen'a 
schools, and are under the immediate charge of Miss Mary S. Battey, of 
Providence, R. I. The school is carried on under the auspices of the Amer- 
ican Missionary Association, and is very successful indeed. 

Two hundred yards southeast from the railroad station is a small stock- 
ade, built for the confinement of Federal officers. This was mostly used 
for the confinement of citizens and turbulent rebel soldiers. 

About 1,000 yards northwest from the prison pen, and about 1,200 
from the railroad station, is the cemetery, in which are buried about 14,000 



94 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 

men. The Urst three huadred were buried in coffins, the ntxt nine hun- 
dred were covered with boards and boughs, and from that number to 12,849 
the bodies were burit-d shoulder to shoulder in trenches about three feet 
deep and six feet wide. About one thousand bodies have been brought 
here from Macon, Americus, Columbus, Eupaula, Albany, aud other points 
in the vicinity. 

The various States in the Union are represented in the cemetery as fol- 
lows : Alabama, 15 ; Connecticut. 291 ; Delaware, 45 ; District of Colum- 
bia, 14 ; Illinois, 910 ; Indiana, 624 ; Iowa, 216 ; Kansas, 6 ; Kentucky, 
456 ; Louisiana, 1 ; Maine, 232; Maryland, 194 ; Massachusetts, 774 , Mich- 
igan, 656 ; Minnesota, 50 ; Missouri, 112 ; New Hampshire, 144 ; New Jer- 
sey, 170 ; New York, 2,534 ; North Carolina, 17 ; Ohio, 1,074 ; Pennsylva- 
nia, 1,825; Rhode Island, 74; Tennessee, 780; Vermont, 240; Virginia, 
279 ; Wisconsin, 254; United States Army, 548; United States Navy, 99. 
Six men who murdered the sick were hung by their comrades. They were 
buried separate from the others. Three women were discovered among the 
prisoners and are buried among the soldiers. Each body in the cemetery 
has a numbered stake, with regiment, etc., and the date of death. The 
cemetery is on a level piece of ground, and is, in some places, soft and 
sinking. 

The climate in the region of Andersonville is very warm indeed, but 
the town is considered one of the most healthful in this part of the State. 
This I know is not the idea at the North, but it is easy to prove it by the 
old inhabitants and by records kept at the place. The enormous mortality 
at the pen is due to other causes. Of the large number of rebel soldiers 
kept as a garrison here, less than one hundred are buried in the vicinity. 



^I^lt 0- 



m 



Of U^fiTED States Army and Navy, Confinkd at 
Columbia, Houth Carolina, 



state of NEW-YORK, 



NAME, 



RANK. 



NAME. 



RANK. 



Aldrich, C. S Captain. 

Avery, W.B do 

Allstaedt, C. L Adj't. 

Ahlert, T. A Lieut. 

Allen, S Captain. 

Adams, S. B do 

Andrews, S. T Lieut. 

Abbott, A. O do 

Auer, M Captain. 

Brown, T. A do 

Bradley, A. B...... R. Q. M. 



Butts, L. A Lieut. 

Bascomb, R do 

Bath, W do 

Brandt, C. W do 

Baker, H. E do 

Bennett, B Captain, 

Bigley, C. H Lieut. 

Burns,M do 

Brov.n, C. A do 

B ospord, W, R do 

Buchanan, W do 



96 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
N E W - Y R K - Contiimed. 



NAME, RANK. 

Bryant, I. W Captain. 

Burrows, S. W Lieut. 

Bath, H do 

Beadle, M do 

Blane,W do 

BrickenhofF, M do 

Bliss, A. T Captain. 

Barringer, A Lieut. 

Blasse, Wm do 

B urton, R Lt. a. d. c. 

Beebe, H. E do 

Casler, B. G Captain. 

Campbell, L. A Lieut. 

Cromack, S. O do 

Cornell, C. H. do 

Cutter, C. H do 

Chapin, H. A do 

Cahill, W do 

Casler, J. L do 

Cooper, A do 

Curtis, G, M do 

Caslin, C. S do 

Cain, J. H do 

Clark, J. W do 

Casey, J do 

Canney, W. H do 

Camei'on, P.... do 

Curtice, H, A do 



NAME, RANK. 

Clyde, J. D Captain. 

Cole, A. F do 

Clark, L. S do 

Cartwright, A. G... do 

Coats, H. A do 

Coglin, T do 

Cloadt, J do 

Case, D. L Adjutant. 

Cook, E. F Major. 

Crooks, S. J Colonel. 

Coffin, J. A Lieut. 

Conover, J. H do 

Cunningham, M do 

Cramer, C. P do 

Dietz, Henry Captain. 

Downing, O. J do 

Derriekson, J. G... do 

Dusbrow, W do 

Duzen burgh, A do 

Dixon, A do 

Dunn, J Lieut. 

Dunning, A. J do 

Davidson, J do 

Drake, L W do 

Davis, J. W do 

Durboyne,G do 

Erickson, J. H do 

Fatzer, S do 

7* 



APPENDIX. 

NEW-YORK — Continued. 



97 



NAME, RANK. 

Fauz, M Captain. 

Funk, I. W do 

Fisk, W. M do 

Field, A do 

Fay, S. A Lieut. 

Frost, C. W do 

Foote, M. C do 

Faye, E. M do 

Fitzpatrick, L do 

Faass, Louis do 

Gilbert, E. C Captain. 

Gill, A. W. H... do 

Getmau, D do 

Goodrich, A. L do 

Grant, H. D Lieut. 

Gilmore, J. A do 

Granger, CM do 

Glazeer, W. W do 

Gottland, C do 

Goodrich, J. O Adjutant. 

Hinds, H. C Lieut. 

Herrick, L. C do 

Hastings, G. L do 

Hauf, N do 

Hopper, J do 

Hamilton, H. E do 

Hezelton, D. W do 

Hamilton, H. N do 



NAME, RANK. 

Herzbery, F Lieut. 

Henry, T. M do 

Hock, A Captain. 

Heil, J do 

Hartzog, R. H. 0.. do 

Hoyt, H. B do 

Hayes, E do 

Hock, R. B.... do 

Hamlin, S. G do 

Hendrick, F do 

Hedges, S. P Adjutant. 

Hall, W. P Major. 

Lsch, F Captain. 

Johnson, V. W Lieut. 

Jones, S. E do 

Jones, D Captain. 

Judson, S. C do 

Johnson, R do 

Kankel, E Lieut. 

Krohn, P do 

Kennedy, J. W do 

Kandler, H do 

Kerley, M. W do 

Kronemeyer, C Captain. 

Lindemeyer, L do 

Lucas, W. D do 

Langworthy, D. A.. do 
Lamson, A. T Lieut. 



98 



AVHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
XEW-YORK— Continued. 



NAME, RANK. 

Lewis, C E Lieut . 

Lyman, H. H do 

Lee, A do 

Laffer, J. A do 

Leonard, A do 

Lemon, M. W do 

Leith, S do 

Locklin, A. W do 

Mussel, O Captain. 

Murphy, F do 

Mooney, A. H do 

McFadden, W. M... do 

Moore, N. H do 

Mead, 8 do 

Manley, J. A do 

Mills, V Lieut. 

McBade, A do 

Morand, F do 

Mendenhall, J. A... do 

Mell, J. R do 

Mather, F. W do 

Mockrie, P. B do 

McCutc'heon, E. T.. do 

Me Wain, E. .7 do 

Morey, H do 

Myers, W. li do 

McGeehan, J do 

Mitchell, H.W do 



NAME, RANK. 

Merritt, H. A. D... Lieut. 

Murphy, J do 

Malleson, J do 

McHenry, C do 

Merry, "\V. A do 

jNIcCormick, J do 

McLemxvn, P IMajor. 

Miller, F. C Colonel. 

Nelson, P Major. 

Nolan, H. J Captain. 

Nyce, W Lieut. 

Nelson, A do 

Norwood, J do 

Olcott, D. W Cajitain. 

O'Hara, J Lieut. 

Powers, J. L do 

Partridge, W. H... do 

Pitt, G. W do 

Pentzell, B do 

Piersou, j\I. P do 

Pitt, J. H do 

Palmer, E. L do 

Peck, W. D do 

Pemberton, H. \ ... Captain. 

Porter, E do 

Powell, J. P do 

Paine, L. 13 do 

Pettit, G do 



APPEXDIX. 
N E W - Y R K — Continutd. 



m 



NAME, RANK. 

Pierce, S C Captain. 

Porter, B. B do 

Payne, L. S do 

Penfield, J. A Major. 

Rockwell, W. O Lieut. 

Uockwell, J. O do 

Roach, W. E do 

Raymond, H. W... do 

Rothe,H do 

Richardson, J. A... do 

Riley, W. L do 

Reynolds, W. H... Major. 

Ritter, H Captain. 

Ryder, S. B do 

Reed, do 

Reir, Geo. W. do 

Reynolds, B.J do 

Snyder, J do 

Starkweather, W. L do 

Star, G. H...T. do 

Spring, W do 

Stone, D do 

Stevens' J. R do 

Swan, E. J... do 

Seeley, H. B Adjutant. 

Scripture, F. E R. Q.M. 

Sears, D. C Lieut. 

Smith, J. A do 



NAME, RANK. 

Schull, G Lieut. 

Schurr, V do 

Stanford, S. A. . . do 

Stuai"t, C do 

Shanan, M do 

Shclton, W. H. do 

Sweet, W. H. S do 

Smith, C. B do 

Suttter, C do 

Shaffer, H.C do 

Smith, L. S do 

Starr, PL P do 

Stebbins, J do 

Stewart, R. R do 

Schulter, H do 

Tuthill, P. A do 

Tainter, S. H do 

Terwilliger, J. E. . do 

Tompkins, H. V... do 

Temple, H do 

Tobel, C do 

Thorp, T. J Lt. Col. 

Thompson, S. C Captain. 

Von Keiser, A do 

Vandeshif, J. W... do 

Van B uren, G. M . . . do 

Von Haack — do 

Veltfort, Geo Lieut. 



100 



WHAT I SAW IN BIXIE, ETC. 
N E W - Y R K — Contimied. 



NAME, RANK. 

Vinay, F Lieut. 

VonRotteiiburg,H.N do 

Van Ren.ssalaer, C do 

West, O. IV. do 

Wheeler, J. F do 

Wing, G. H do 

Woodruff, F.M do 

Willis, H. H do 

Warchaw, F do 

Welch, J. C do 

Wilcox, W. H. H. do 

Whittemore, B. W. do 



NAME, RANK. 

Whiteside, J. C Captain. 

Wentwoi-th, H. A. do 

Wilson, M. C do 

White, H.G do 

Williams, E.H do 

Walpole,H.H do 

Walls, H.r. do 

Wanzer, G. G Major. 

Young, J. W. do 

Yaw.E.C Lieut. 

Zobel,C do 



STATE OF IOWA 



NAME, RANK. 

Austin, J. W Lieut. 

Anderson, C. S do 

Byers, S. H. M Adj't. 

Bennett, W. F Captain. 

Brown, J. H do 

Conrad, W. F do 

Clark, M. W do 

Cassell, E. F Lieut. 

Charters, A. M do 

Cook, I. L do 

Coddington,!. P Yet. Surg. 



NAME, RANK. 

Dillon, C. D Lieut. 

DeLay, R do 

Doane, E. B....Tr... Captain. 

Godley, m. L Lieut. 

Huffman, J. W do 

Haight, LT do 

Hoyt, W. H do 

Irwin, S. E do 

Kirkpatrick, G. W. do 

Laird,M do 

McConalee, W. J. . . do 



ArPENDIX, 
IOWA — Omiinutd. 



101 



NAME4 RANK. 

Marshall, W.S Major. 

Morrisey, G. H r. q. m. 

Parker, J. T Lieut 

Purcell, T do 

Page, J. E Captain. 

Peckeville, W. F... do 

Ping, T do 

Rorick, D Lt. a. d. 

Sanders, a. h Lt. Col. 

Smith, J. H Captain. 

Shurtz, E do 



NAME, RANK. 

Bepton, A. F Lieut. 

Timm, A do 

Tower, d, w do 

Thomson, F do 

Turner, j. n Captain. 

Tipton, A. F do 

Waidraann, F Lieut. 

c'.Woodrow, c. w do 

Wright, J. w do 

Warren, d. h Ass'tSurg. 

Zimm, A Lieut. 



vSTATE OF OHIO, 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK, 


Alters, J. B 


,. Captain. 


Brandt, 0. B 


... Lieut. 


Alban, h. h 


do 
,. Lieut. 


Brush, Z. T 

Barnes, 0. P.... 


do 


Alger, A. B 


do 


Acker, G. D 


do 


Blae, J. G 


do 


Anderson, r. w 


do 


Blaire, Geo. E. 


do 


Armstrong, T. S.. 


do 


Byron, E. 


- Captain. 


Adams, h. w 


do 


Bending, N. E. 
Blinn, L. B. • 


do 


Abbott, E. A 


do 


' , do 


Affleck, E.T 


.. Adj't. 


Barrett, D. w. - 


do 


Brown, w. h 


. Lieut. 


Bostwick, N. - 


do 


Beard, J. V 


do 


Blair, B. F. - 


- Adj't. 


Bailey, g. w 


do 


Cusac, I. 


- Captain. 



102 



WHAT I HAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
OHIO — Contiiwed. 



NAME, 


RAMK. 


^AlvrE, 


RANK. 


Catin, M. - - 


- Captain. 


m 

Fairbanks, I - 


- Lieut. 


Canfield, S. B. - 


do 


Fi.h, G w - - 


do 


Case, F. -S. - - 


do 


Fowler, .r h - 


do 


Cutler, J. - - 


do 


Forney, D - - 


do 


Copeland, J. R. - 


do 


Fairfield, O B - 


da 


Clancey, c. w. - 


- Lt. Col. 


Fox, G B - - 


- Major. 


Cook, A. A. - 


- Lieut. 


Green, j ii - - 


- Lieut. 


Culver, F. B. - 


do 


Gross, c IM - - 


do 


Corother!^, J, J. 


do 


Goodin, A - - 


do 


Claghorn, A. C. 


do 


Gallagher, J - 


do 


Cottingham, E. 


do 


Gatch, C - 


- Captain, 


Carpenter, 8 D 


do 


Glen, S A - - 


do 


Cline, D J ; 


: do 


Grafton, B - 


do 


Caldwell, D B 


do 


Gates, J 


do 


Davis, L R 


- do 


Hestler, .t. av 


... Captain. 


Dough ton, G 


• do 


Heer;T. A 


do 


Dick, L - - 


do 


Heinrod, P 


do 


Dickey, m v 


do 


Hallenburg, G.... 


.. Lieut. 


Davidson, j w 


do 
- Captain. 


Hare, t. h 


do 


Davis, L R - 


Henry, e. d 


do 


Davenport, T F 


do 


Hays, w. w 


do 


Dirlin, C L - 


do 


Hall, R. F 


do 


Day, E - - - 


do 


Hine, J. J 


do' 


Evans, b w - - 


do 


Hull, G.W 


do 


Eberlieart, h ii 


do 


Harrison, C. E.. 


do 


Eglin, A R - 


do 


Hull, G. w - - 


do 


Edminston, S - 


- Lieut. 


Hackott, A. N - 


do 


Francis, J L - 


- Captaia. 


Hale, G. w - - 


- do 



NAME, 

Imbric, i. m. 
Jemmings, I. T. 
John, E. P. - - 
Joues, J. P. 
Jones, w. - 
Kelly, D. O. -. 
Kerr, S. C. - - 
Kelly, A. - - 
Knowles, R A. - 
Knapp, F. A. - 
Kennuly, J. D. - 
Kempton, J. F. 
Kline, D. J. - 
King, M. D. 
King, Abe, - - 
Kepheart~J. 
McCune, a. v. . - 
McNeil, S. - - 
Mahoney, J. S. - 
Malamore, j m - 
McKinley, J - 
Mann, G - 
Maxwell. C A - 
McColgin, J - - 
McMahon, E - 
AIcBeth, K - 
Marshall, J, D 
Morgan, Benj. B 



APPENDIX, 


i 


OHIO 


— (JunlimiaJ. 




RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Captain. 


Moore, Le Roy, 


- Captain 


do 


Melkoru, 


do 


Lieut 


Moore, L 


do 


do 


Nuhfer, A 


do 


do 


N orris, P - 


Lieut. 


^i do 


Ouscolt, R V : 


do 


- do 


Oats, J G : : 


do 


do 


O'Sullivau, F G 


do 


do 


Ogan, H w : 


Captain. 


do 


Piper, S B : : : 


Adj't. 


do 


Puniphry, J B : 


: Lieut. 


do 


Potts, J H : : ; 


do 


do 


Peetrey, J G : 


do 


do 


Purtier, h : : 


do 


do 


Patterson, J B 


do 


do 


Paul, J 8 : : 


do 


do 


Pa tree, L B : 


do 


do 


Patterson, (^ w 


do 


do 


Price, J C : : : 


do 


do 


Perrin, Z : : 


do 


du 


Palmer, j ii : 


do- 


do 


Rees, M : : 


do 


do 


Robinson, G L 


do 


do 


Retiley, w l : 


do 


do 


Ray, "t J : . 


do 


do 


Reynolds, w j 


: Captain 


do 


Randolph, J F : 


do 


Lt. Col. 


Robbins, A : ; 


d« 



103 



104 WHAT I SAW 


IK DIXIE, ETC. 






OHIO- 


— Continued. 




NAME, 


RANK, 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Rosenbaum, o h : 


do 


Taylor, A A : : 


Lieut. 


Rossman, w c ; ; 


do 


' Thomas, d : 


Major. 


Rings, G ; ; 


: Adj't. 


Thompson, j j T : 


Ass't Surg 


Ring, A ; ; ; 


Lieut. 


Tibbies, h g 


Captain. 


Robinson, B E : 


do 


Thomson, j : 


do 


Rathbone, t w 


do 


Underwood, j w 


do 


Roney, J c : ; 


do 


XJllenba%i j 


; Lieut. 


Sibby, H L : : 


do 


Ulem, J ; 


; do 


Smith, M H : 


do 


VanDoren, d ; 


do 


Schuyler, j f ; 


do 


Winters, j ; 


do 


Spafford, A c : 


do 


Welker, h w ; 


do 


Spencer, f : 


do 


Weatherbeo, j ; ; 


do 


Shaw, J c ; : 


do 


Weakly, T J ; ; 


do 


Shepard, e . : 


do 


Watson, J c ; 


do 


Spring, B : : 


do 


Whiting, J D ; 


do 


Stout, jo: : 


do 


Wolbach, A R ; 


do 


Stover, A c : 


do 


Wiltshire, J w ; 


do 


Stribling, m w : 


do 


Weddle, Geo ; 


do 


Shepstrong, m n 


do 


Winner, c n ; 


do 


Sutherland, g w 


Adj't. 


Wass'on, j m ; 


do 


Sheppard, e a : 


. Captain. 


Westbrook, u s ; 


Captain. 


Skilton, as: : 


do 


Wilson, w M jr 


do 


Shutts, w : : 


do 


Wilson, J ; ; 


do 


Singer, g p : : 


do 


Williams, r ; 


do 


Swayzie, w A : 


do 


Wright, R J ; ; 


do 


Stanbury, m l : 


do 


Wallace, J ; ; ; 


Lt. col. 


Shoemaker, f m 


: do 


Walker, w h ; 


; Lieut. 


Snodgrass, j c : 


: do 


Whitney, J oe w 


; do 


Thousen, b e : 


Lieut. 


Yontz, H c ; ; 
8* 


; Captain. 



APPENDIX. 
STATE OF PENNSYLVAIA, 



105 



NAME, RANK. 

Albaugh, Wm... Captain. 

Ai-thurs, 8. C do 

Albright, J do 

Avery, W do 

Alexander, A. H. do 
Anderson, J. F..*i Lieut. 

Bricker,W. H..". do 

Bryson, R. R do 

Burns, S. D; do 

Bierbower, Wm. do 

Beegle, D. F do 

Bryon, J. H do 

Boone, S. G do 

Burns, J do 

Barton, J. L do 

Barkley, C do 

Burkliolder,DW do 

Breon, J do 

Borchess, T. F... do 

B rown, G. L do 

Bough ton, S. H. do 

Biller, S.N do 

Bittenger, C. L. do 

Braidey, A, J... do 

Bick, W. C Captain. 

Bowers, G. W... do 

Benner, H. S do 

Byrns, J. M do 



NAME, RANK. 

Bryan, G Adjutant. 

Barrett, J. A... Captain. 

Bayard, G. A do 

Borchess, L. T.. do 

Baker, W. F do 

Chalfant, J. T.... do 

Clark, M. L do 

Compiler, M. L. do 

Cratty, E. G do 

Crosby, T.J do 

Conyngham, J. B Lieut, Col. 

Cook, A. L Lieut. 

Cunningham, J.. do 

Coslett, C do 

Crawford, C. H.. do 

Crossley, S do 

Carlisle, L. B do 

Chambers, J. H. do 

Cope, J. D do 

Carter, W. H do 

Campbell, W. F. do 

Cameron, J. F... do 

Chatburn, I do 

Cook, W. B do 

Camp, T. B do 

Creps, F. A do 

Cubbison, J. C... do 

Cockran, T. G... do 



106 



NAME, 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
PENNSYLVANIA — Cmtuwed. 



RANK. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Carpenter, J. D. Lieut. 

Catlin, E. I do 

Cashell, E. P.... do 
Carpenter, E, N. Captain. 

Donaghy, J do 

Daily, W. A do 

Dinsmore, A do 

Dushane, J. M... do 
Donohey, G. B... do 

Dibeler, J. B do 

Dewees, J. II Major. 

Diffenbach, A. E. Lieut. 

Dean, S. V do 

Dotton, W. G... do 

Dodge, H. G do 

Devine, J. S do 

DiefFenbach, w. h do 

Drake, E.H do 

Davis, Byron do 

Eastman, F. R... do 

Evans, T. E do 

Evans, N. E Captain. 

Freeman, D W D do 

Fahs, J. I do 

Farr, M. V do 

Fraiser, J Colonel. 

Filler, J. H Major. 

Flick. N Lieut. 



Filler, J. H 

Fluke, A. L 

Fontaine, J 

Fleeger, G. W., 
Flagan, E. A.. 
Fellows, N....... 

Fontaine, E 

Gotshall, J 

Grant, G. G 

Gamble, N. P... 
Garbet, ... 



Gordon, N. M... 

Gray, LP 

Grey, Phillip.... 

Gray, W. L 

Greene, E. I..... 
Giniber, N. E... 

Guy. F. I 

Graham, IP 

Heffley, A....... 

Huff, A. B 

Hart, G. D 

Haines, E. A... 



Ilogeland, D. B 
Huey, Pennock.. 

Hinds, E. E 

Helm, J. B 

Heffley, C. P... 



Major. 
Lieut, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

. Captain, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

. Colonel. 

. Lieut, 
do 
do 



APPENDIX. 

PENNSYLVANIA— Omiimmd. 



107 



NAME, RANK. 

Hubbell, E. A.... Lieut. 

Heffaer,0 do 

Harrington, B F do 

Hodge, J. F do 

Heslit, J do 

Hazel, EI do 

Herbert, I do 

Heppard, T do 

Horton, S L do 

Hart.CM do 

Hand,GT do- 

Halpin, G do 

Hagenba^, J. T do 
Holohan, T. P... do 

Hewitt, J do 

Harvey, J. L do 

Hallet, M. V. B. do 

Hays, C. A do 

Haines, A. A do 

Hurst, T. B do 

Irwin, W. E Adjutant. 

Johnson, J. C Captain. 

Jobe, B. A do 

Jackson, C. G.. do ^ 

Jones, Alfred Lieut. Col. 

Jones, E. E Lieut. 

Justus, J. E...... do 

Krepps, F. A. E. do 



NAME, RANK. 

Keen, J Lieut. 

Kreiger, A do 

Kidder, G. E do 

Knox, G do 

Kelly, J I do 

Kellow, J do 

Keister, I do 

King,T R. Q. M. 

Kelly, E. L Captain. 

Krause, J do 

Kings, S. B do 

Little, J. S do 

Lytle, E. F do 

Lynch, E. J Major. 

Longnecker, J H Adjutant. 
Lay cock, J. B... Lieut. 

Lynn, J. L do 

Loud, E. DeC... do 
Ludwey, M. S.... do 

Lewry, D. W do 

Laughlin, J. M. do 

Lcslee, J. L do 

Luther, J. T do 

Lewis, D. B do 

Myers, T do 

Mooney, J do 

Morningstar, H. do 
Marsh, P Captain. 



108 



AYHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ET(.' 
r li Zn^ N K Y L V A N I A — Cmtinitea 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK 


McISTeal, D 


Lieut. 


McNitt, R. J 


Captain 


McGovern, J 


do 


Millard, ii. j 


do 


McjS^iece, A 


do 


iS!"ewlin, C 


do 


Mooro,F 


do 


Norris, j 


do 


Monaghan, J 


do 


Kon-is, A. w 


Lieut. 


Mcintosh, I. C... 


do 


Neher, w 


do 


Mangus, H. F... 


do 


Nisuander, d. m 


do 


McLaughlin, I... 


do 


O'Conner, w 


do 


JMcKay, D. S 


do 


O'Shea, i^ 


do 


Mayer, L 


do 


0'Connell,P 


do 


McCall,0 


do 


Paxton, w. N 


do 


MorroAV, J. M 


do 


Potts, G. P 


do 


Morton, G. C 


do 


Phelps, L.D 


•do 


Mason, j 


do 


Potter, H. c 


do 


Marshland, a. j. 


do 


Phillips F 


do 


McNure, A 


do 


Post, jas 


do 


McCreaiy, D. B. 


jieut. coi. 


Phillips, w. K 


do 


McDowell, J. s. 


Captain, 


Piggott, J. T., jr. 


Captain. 


McHugh, J 


do 


Pennypac'ker,E.j. 


do 


McCray, H 


do 


Robinson, w. A... 


do 


McKage, j 


do 


Richards, r. c... 


do 


Muffley, S. F 


do 


Rose, w. B 


Lieut. 


Marsh, L 


do 


Rnger, j. M 


do 


Metzger, J 


do 


Rounds, J. R 


do 


McCullin, D. W. 


do 


Rieneckar, G 


do 


Mackcy, 1". j 


do 


Rahu, 


do 


Morrow, j, j 


do 


Robbinson, .i. v 


do 


Moses, V. c 


do 


Ruff, jas. ........ 


do 



APPENDIX. 



109 



PENNSYLVANIA- Contmued. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Roger, J. R Lieut. 

Riley, L.H do 

Ruby,S.V do 

Sturgeon, w. n... do 

Stover, M. H do 

Sweetland, A. A.. do 

Shafer, w. h do 

Stallraan, c. H... do 

Stroman, c. p.... do 
Simpson, ci. w...» do 

Smith, J do 

Shaefer, jas do 

Spence, d. m do 

Stoke, G.w do 

Stevens, F ,.. do 

Snowwhite, E. E. do 

Sutler, J. R do 

Sharp, G. A do 

Smith, LP do 

Stevens, I. G do 

Sailor, I do 

Smith, E do 

Stauber, Benj. F. do 

Seeley,L. D do 

Stevens, Prank.. do 

Steele, J Major. 

Speece, L. B do 

Smart, G. F. C. Captain. 

Smith, H. I do 



NAME, 

Sehooley, D 

Smullin, F 

Schell, G. L 

Schroade, L E... 

Schofield, E 

Stewart, R. T. 
Scudder, A. A. 
Templeton, O. F. 
Tyler, L. D. E. 

Trout, IB 

Thayer, E.O 

Thompson, R, L. 

Taylor, E 

Urwiles, S. 

Van Allen, W. T 

Weeks, E. I 

Weaver, E Z 

Wilson, E 

.White, A. B 

Warwick, Jas. F. 
Welsh, N. E. E. 

Webb, G 

Widdess, E. E... 

Webb, Geo I 

Wenrick, E 

Whittaker, E. B. 

Young, A 

Zeigler, Aaron... 
Zarracher, F. K, 



RANK. 
Captain, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

R. Q. M. 

Captain. 

do 
Lieut. 

do 

do 

do 
Captain. 
Lieut. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 
Captain. 

do 

do 

do 

do 
Lieut. 

do 
Captain. 



110 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIK, ETC. 



STATE OF TKNNESSEK, 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


.-Vllender, W. F 


. Lieut. 


Mclniddv, 


Captain. 


Adkins, P 


do 


Martin, J 


do 


Brown, W. L... 


do 


Marney, A 


do 


Bishop, F. P.... 


do 


McDonald, J 


Lieut, 


Burdick, E. D.. 


. Captain. 


Ottinger, W 


do 


Beal, E , 


do 


Poston, J. L 


do - 


Carnes, W. C... 


do 


Robinson, J. L... 


do 


Ceuter, A. P 


do 


Reynolds, E. P. 


do 


Carroll, E 


. Lieut. 


Risedon, I 


do 


Dricks, E.S. F.. 


. Captain, 


Robs, EF.. ..*... 


do 


Fritz, Jas 


, Lieut. 


Robeson, J. S... 


do 


Grover,"Jep."... 


Major. 


Smith, A 


do 


Geasland, S. A... 


Lieut. 


Smith, P 


d* 


Hawkins, S. W. 


do 


Smith, T. A 


Major. 


Huey, R 


do 


Stover, J 


Captain. 


Hagler, J, S 


Captain. 


Smith, D. D 


4o 


Hays, A. I 


do 


Senter, A. P 


do 


Holt,E F 


do 


Underdown, J D 


do 


Kelley, J.M 


Lieut. 


Wiley, D 


do 


Lintz, D I 


do 


Walker, J 


Lieut. 


Lenter, A. P 


Captain. 


Wallace, J. J... 


do 


Moore, G.W 


do 


Whittaker, F. D 


do 




STATE 


OF INDIANA. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Adair, W. A 


, Lieut. 


Bush, James N. 


Lieut. 


Albin, H. S 


do 


Butler, E 


do 


Alden, G 


do 


Brownell, F. G. 


do 



APPENDIX. 
INDIJ^NA — Oonwrned. 



Ill 



NAME, RANK. 

Butler, T. H ColoneL 

Burch, J Captain. 

Beebe, ED do 

Booher, A E Lieut. 

Brown, James L do 
Barlow, J W... do 

Chisman, E do 

Chittenden, J Iw do 

Clegg, F do 

Call-, J P do 

Carey,AA do 

Dooley , AT do 

Delane, J A do 

Dugan, I do 

Denny, W N Captain. 

Davis,IB do 

Durand, I do 

Eyestone, I W... Lieut. 

Elder, F I do 

Fry, Alfred do 

Fisher, S do 

Finney, Geo E... Adjutant. 

Fisher, S Lieut. 

Godown, IN... do 

Grover, J E do 

Gamble, I^...,... do 

Gordon, E do 

Green, C W do 



NAME AANX. 

Green, G W Captain. 

Gude, A do 

Harvey, Wm H Lieut, 

Hart, P H do 

Hadley, HV do 

Hollander, V G do 

Harris, I W do 

Harri.s, G do 

Hefflefinger, J... do 

Isett, J H Major. 

Jame.s, H H Lieut. 

Jackson, J.... do 

Knowles, EM... do 

Kane, 8 do 

Knox, J C do 

Kepheart, J S... do 
Kendale, W M... Major. 

Kessler, J G Captain, 

Kendall,J do 

Laud, J R do 

Lamsom, T D... Lieut. 
Lloyd, T SC...... do 

Larkin, FA do 

McGowan, E do 

Messick, J M do 

Makepeace, A J Captain. 

Metcalf,CW do 

MatsoB, C C Lieut. Col. 



112 



WHAT 1 SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
INDIANA- Cordinued. 



NAME, 


RANK, 


NAME^,, 


RANK. 


Moore, E 


... Captain. 


Stanton, E 


Lieut. 


Mall,E.E 


do 


Shannon, Abe L 


do 


McHolland, D A do 


Sharp, E E 


do 


McGrayles, L. 
Marshall, W 


do 


Smith, IE 


do 


S Adjutant. 


Simpson, ID 


do 


Munday, IE.,., 


... Lieut. 


Simmons, A E... 


do 


Murdock, H E. 


do 


Shaefer, N I 


do 


Mills, IE 


do 


Spencer, T D A 


Captain. 


Mayer, G E.... 


do 


Schemmerhone, I 


do 


Neal,A 


do 


Smith,OJ 


Major. 


Nulland, IX.... 


do 


Thompson, C H 


do 


Purveance, J 


S do 


Tillottson, H H.. 


Lieut, 


Parmalee, E 


A CJaptain. 


Thomas, A V 


do 


Phelps, ID.... 


do 


Taylor, A A 


do 


Paine, A 


do 


Tinker, T I 


do 


Russell, E 


do 


Upti grove, F R 


do 


Richley,A 


do 


Van Ness, Geo A 


do 


Richardson, H A Lieut. 


Wright, DL 


do 


Roach, A 


do 


Woodrow, I C D 


do 


Rwgg, IL 


do 


Whitman, W S.. 


do 


Rice, E S 


do 


Willis, WG 

Wakefield, H B 


do 


Ross, EH 


... Adjutant. 


Captain. 


Scott, Geo 


... Lieut. 


York, J H 


Lieut. 




STATE 


OF ILLINOIS. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Albro, S A..., 


, .. Lieut. 


Abernathy, H C 


Aajutant. 


Adams, Jas 


do 


Allee, A A 


Lieut. 





APPENDIX. 


113 




ILLINOIS — Continued. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


BassettjEE 


Lieut.. 


George, G I 


Lieut. 


Benson, I F 


do 


Gamble, ES 


do 


Brunn, 8 


do 


Griffin, T S 


do 


Beasley, I L 


do 


Green, E A 


do 


Basett, WE 

Briggs, E 


do 


Gore, S T 


do 


do 


Gross,T 


do 


Bryant, E E 


do 


Gerhardt, T 


do 


Boaz, E P 


Captain. 


Grey, TS 


do 


Bigelow, A I 


do 


Gutjaher,0 


, Captain. 


Blanchard,Geo A 


do 


Hanley,T 


do 


Baker, A D 


do 
do 


Hith,VR 


do 


Conover,SD 


Hodge, A 


do 


Crawford, E P... 


do 


Hay, D 


do 


Caswell, E 


Lieut. 


Hawkins, T E... 


do 


Caldwell, E 


do 


Hymer, S 


do 


Cole, S 


do 


Hubbard, R E.. 


. Lieut. 


Connelly, R I... 


do 


Hanon, I 


do 


Calkins, Wm W. 


do 


Harmer,S 


do 


Cox, I T 


do 


Hovey, N 


do 


Cunniffe, E 


do 


Hughes, R N... 


do 


Channel, J R 


do 


Havens, D 


do 


Davis, T S 


do 


Howe, E N 


do 


Dorris, E E 


d« 


Haldeman, Fred, 


do 


Davis, EI 


do 


Huntley, E. E... 
Hood, John 


do 


Fox, E 


do 


do 


Fritze, 


do 


Irwin, ES 


do 


Foster, E F. .. 


, Captain, 
do 


Jones, I A 


do 


Gillespie, SB 


Jones, SF , 


. Captain. 



114 


WHAT I SAW 


IN DIXIE, ETC. 






ILLINOIS — Continued. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAM£, 


RANK. 


James, H H.... 


.. Lieut. 


Porter, D W.., 


... Captain, 


Jackson, J 

Knowles, E M. 


do 


Pace, N S 


do 


do 


Porter, L 


... Lieut. 


Kane, S.. 


do 


Quigg, D 


... Major. 


Knox, J C 


do 


Roach, S 


... Lieut, 


Kepheart, J S. 


do 


Reynolds, T..., 


d» 


Kendale.WM. 


,. Major. 


Randall, W.,.. 


do 




Lieut. 


Rosp, S.E 


do 


McGowan, E.., 


do 


Roberts, ¥. R. 


do 




do 


Reed, T 8 


do 


Makepeace, A 


J Captain. 


Rice, J A 


... Captai]!.- 


Metcalf, CW.. 
Matson, C C... 


do 


Rourke, S 


do 


.. Lieut. Col. 


Russell, J A... 


do 


McDonald, 0.. 


... Lieut. 


.Strang, O.T... 


do 


Main, S A 


.. Captain. 


Bhedd, W 


... Colonel, 


Miller, S 


.. Adjutant- 


Smythe, S, S... 


... Lieut. 


Morris, M 

Newsome, E..., 


Lieut 


Swift EB 


do 


. .. Captain, 


Bcoroeder, T V 


... do 


O'Kain, J 


... Lieut, 


Stevens, G 


do 


Olden, E S 


do 


Spindler,J 


do 


Picquet, S 


do 


Schwainforth, 


F. do 


Phinney, A 


do 


Sanger, A V.., 


do 


Pro vine, W 


do 


Segar, T. R... 


do 


Powell, E 


do 


Strickland, E. 


P, do 


Parker, S 


do 


Scoville, T L. 


.... Captain. 


Powell, 


do 


Suther, E. S.. 


do 


Prather, Z B. 


do 


Smith, A B.... 


do 


Pain, T S 


do 


Sellick, R 


do 



APPENDIX. 

ILLINOIS — C'onti7wed. 



115 



NAM^,. RANK. 

Shroeder, H Lieut 

Tanner, D do 

Turner, David... do 

Worthen, T A... do • 

Winship, ,J do 

Wilson, R do 



NAME RANK, 

Welshimer, P Captain, 

Wright, VR do 

Young, DG do 

Young, W J Lieut 

Yates, S T do 

Zeis, H Captain. 



STATK OF WEST VIRGINIA 



NAME, RANK. 

Aheern, M Lieut. 

Ansliutz,HT do 

Beebe, E D do 

Chisman, E do 

Chittenden, J L do 

Clegg, F.... do 

Carr, J P do 

Carey,AA do 

Carpenter, E. N. Captain. 
Cashell, E. P.... do 
Eastman, F. R... do 

Gude, A do 

Green, G W do 

Hollander, V G do 

Hart, P H do 

Hadley, HV do 

Jenkins, G W Lieut. 



NAME, RANK. 

Kessler, J G Captain, 

Kendall, J do 

Laud, J R do 

Larkin, FA Lieut. 

Lloyd, TSC do 

Pickenpaugh, EI do 

Phares, V do 

Patterson, F, .A. Captain. 

Phelps, LA do 

Poole, JF Lieut. 

Richard, J M do 

Robb, W. J Captain. 

Steel, J M Lieut 

Smith, J B do 

Williamson, J B do 

White, C W Captain. 

White, GW do 



116 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
STATE OF VERMONT. 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Adams, C A 


Captain, 


Kenfield, F 


Lieut, 


Boutin, CW 


do 


Morton, L T 


do 


Beman, V N 


do 


Morrow, I. M 


do 


Chapin, N S 


do 


Mcall, 


do 


Carr, P 


Lieut, 


Needham, I B... 


do 


Correll, E 


do 


Phillips, w. B 


do 


Chase, N R .' 


do 


Post, jas 


do 


Cunningham, Ed 


do 


Phillips F 


do 


French, N 


do 


Rahu, 


• do 


Fisher, L W 


do 


Rieneckar, G 


' do 


Fleming, EK 


do 


Smith, E B 


do 


Grant, E.... 


Captain. 


Sargeant, M G... 


do 


Hart, E R 


. Lieut. 


Stone, E. P 


do 


Holden, E 


do 


Stone, L L 


, R, Q. M, 


Holman, N R... 


do 


Schofield, R 


, Captain. 


Higley,EN 


do 


Thompson, J S.. 


. Lieut. 




STATE OF 


MICHIGAN. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Andrews, H B... 


, Captain, 


Bremen, S 


. Captain. 


Alexander, E. P 


. Lieut. 


Ballard, SN 


. Lieut. 


Abbey, AS 


do 


Bateman, Wm... 


do 


Andrews, E E... 


do 


Barnard, R. A.,, 


do 


Button, G W... 


do 


Copeland, W. A 


do 


Boyd, N R 


do 


Clark, J. A 


. Captain, 


Barse, J R 


do 


Colville,J.W.... 


do 



APPENDIX. Ill 

MICHIGAN — Continued. 

RANK. NAME RANK. 

Captain. Litchfield, A. O. Lieut- Col. 

do McDowell, j. s. Captain. 

do McNure, A do 

do Marshland, a. j. do 

Lieut. Mason, j...« do 

do Muffley, S. F do 

do McKage, j do 

do McCray, I do 

do McHugh, J *do 

do Norton, E E do 

do Nyman, N S Lieut. 

Captain. Potter, h. o do 

do Phelps, L.D do 

dp Potts, G. P do 

do Paxton, w. N do 

Lieut. Penny packer, E.J. do 

do Piggott, J. T., jr. Captain. 

do Pierson, A P Lieut. 

do Price, N S do 

do Rounelsjj. e do 

do Ruger, J. M do 

do Spaulding, E. G. do 

do Schofield, T D... do 

do Van Natter, R. N do 

Captain. Williams, G do 

do Willets, W do 

do Williams, W do 

Sergeant. Warner, J B do 

Adjutant. Wands, H. P Captain. 



NAME, 

Dufer, T S 

Dodge, E E 

Dygert, 'Kin.' S.. 

Dicey, E E 

Drake, S 

Deane, TS 

Dalton, G A 

Ferris, S M 

Frost, RI 

Grant, S 

Gordon, George S 

Greble, T E 

Galbraith, H E 

Goetz, I 

Hutchison, R. T. 
Hill, Geo. W.... 

Harris, S 

Hurd, W. B 

Hendrycks, N V 
Hamilton, N. T. 

Hull, ET 

Isham, A. B 

Kollogg, N 

Knight, NB...... 

Keeler, AM 

Logan, R. S 

Lee, E. N 

Lanning, A 

Lombard, EG... 



118 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
STATE OF MARYLAND. 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Apple, H 


.Lieut. 


Hinds, E. E 


Lieut. 


Berry, A 


. Captain. 


Haines, E. A..... 


do 


Carpenter, J. D 


, Lieut. 


Krause, J 


do 


Catlin, E. I 


. .lo 


Kelly, E. L 


Captain. 


Donaghy, J 


.lo 


Kidder, G. E 


do 


Daily, W. A 


do 


Knox, G 


do 


Dinsmore, A 


do 


Long, R. T 


do 


Dushane, J. M.., 


do 


Metta, I S 


do 


Evans, N. E 


Captain. 


Pelton, E 


do 


Flick, N.: 


. Lieut. 


Socks, J 


do 


Filler, J. H 


Major. 


Seveadner, .Jas... 


do 


Gotshall, J 


do 


Stewart, Thos. A. 


do 


Grant, G.G 


do 


Schroeder, E 


do 


Gamble, N. P.... 


do 


Smyser, H C 


do ^ 



STATE OF RHODE ISLAND, 



NAME, RANK. 

Aigin, John Captain. 

Booher, A E Lieut.- 

Brown, James L do 
Barlow, J W... do 

Chase, E. E do 

Donohey, G. B . . . do 

Dibeler, J. B do 

Dewees, J. H Major. 

Diffenbach, A. E. Lieut. 



NAME, RANK. 

Fluke, A. L Lieut. 

Fontaine, E do 

Garbet, do 

Gordon, N. M.... do 

Hart, G. D do 

Heffley, A do 

Sullivan, J Adjutant. 

Sherman, S. U... Captain. 
Whitney, J. N... Lieut. 



APIMONDIX. 119 

STATIC OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



NAME^ RANK. 

Adams, JO B . . . Lieitt. 

Ca rey , S. E do 

Creasy,. Geo. W. do 
Chubbuck, D. B. do 

Deau, 8. V „ do 

Dottou, W. G.,, do 

Dodge, H.G d« 

Deviue, J. S do 

Dieffeiibach, w. h do 

Drake, K. H do 

Davis, Byrou do 

Evans, T.E do 

Eyestone, I W. .. Captain. 

Filler, J. H Major. 

Fisher, S Lieut. 

Fry, Alfred do 

Fisher, iS do 

Finney, Geo E... Adjutant, 

Fontaine, J do 

Fleeger, G. AV... do 
Flagau,_E. A... do 

Fellows, K do 

Gray, LP do 

Grey, Phillip do 

Gray, W. L C'ai)taiii. 

Greene, E. I do 

Gimber, N. E..., do 
Guv, F. I do 



NAME, RANK. 

Harvey, Wm H Lieut 

Helm, LB do 

Reffiey, C. P.... do 

Harris, I W...... do 

Harris, G......... do 

Hefflefing^r, J... do 
Hogeland, D. B. do 

Huff, A. B do 

Huey, Pennock... Colonel. 

Isett, J H Major. 

Kennits, H Lieut. 

Kelly, J I do 

Kellow, J... do 

Keister, I „ do 

jKing,T lu <j. M. 

Morton, J W... Captain. 

May, J do 

McGinnis, J. W do 

Moulton, O Lieut. Col. 

Mullegan, Jas A Lieut. 
Moodey,J E...... do 

McManus. P. W. do 
Manning, Geo A do 
Narcross, J. S.... do 

Kutting, L IL... do 

Osborne, F I do 

Piatt, 8 H " do 

KussellJH do 



120 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 

!»J ASSACHUSETTS — a>B^m«€d. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Keade, J Lieut. 

vSinclair, R B... do 
Sampson, IB... do 

Skinner, IT do 

Swift, R. R do 



Sampson, I. B... Captain. 

Wilder, CO Adj utant. 

Winston, D Lieut. 

Wilson, E.S do 



STATE OF MAINE. 



NAME, RANK, 

Anderson, H. M. Lieut. 

Blake, do 

Bisbee, ST do 

Bisbee, Geo. D. do 

Bixby, N P do 

Brown, TO do 

Bartlett, O E... do 

Coffin, V. S do 

Chandler, G A... do 

CTiilds, I W do 

Bearing, N A... do 

Day, R. S Captain. 

Falls, FP do 

Gordon, EO Lieut. 

Gilman, ... do 

Hunt, SO do 

Jackson, ST do 

Jones,EF do 



NAME, RANK. 

Larrabee, W. H.. Lieut. 
Litchfield, J B... Captain. 

Metzger, J do 

Marsh, L H do 

Poindexter, E. O do 
Richards, r. c... do 
Sargeant, H R... do 

Stevens, S N Lieut. 

Smith, M S do 

Shelton, J P do 

Toby,JBF do 

Vaughn, Z Captain. 

Willis, A R do 

White, Daniel... Colonel. 
Ware, Elton W. Lieut. 
Whitten, B F... do 
Wadsworth,M.C do 

10* 



APPENDIX. 
STATE OF CONNECTICUT 



121 



NAMEi 



RANK. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Andrus, W. R... 


, Lieut. 


Kost, R 


Lieut. 


Bar tram, D. S... 


do 


King, John 


do 


Bowers, G. A 


do 


Landen, H 


do 


Blakeslee, B. F., 


, do 


Loomis, A. W... 


do 


Burns, H 


do' 


Locke, W. H 


do 


Bristol, J. H 


do 


Lindsy, A. H... 


do 


Bowen, CD 


Captain. 


Merwin, S. T. C. 


de 


Biebel, H 


do 


Matherson, E. J. 


do 


Bufke, F. F 


do 


McKeag, F 


do 


Case,A. G 


. Lieut. 


Miller, W.G 


do 


CowleSjH.I" 


do 


Morse, C. W 


do 


Carpenter, E. D. 


do 


McDonald, H. G. 


, Captain. 


Clapp, J. B 


Adjutant. 


Nichols, C. H... 


do 


Chamberlain, v.i 


I Captain, 


Pasco, H. L 


Major. 


Dennis, J.B 


do 


Pierce, H.H 


Lieut- 


Davis, H. C 


do 


Phillips, W.E... 


do 


Dickerson, A. A Lieut. 


Strong, E, E 


do 


Day, A.P 


do 


Sanford, 0. L 


Major. 


Dyre, E. B 


do 


Turner, M.C 


, Captain, 


Hobbie, C. A... 


. Captain. 


Tourtillote, J 


do 


Hintz, A 


do 


Tyler, L. E 


, Lieut. 


Johnson G... 


. Lieut. 


West,D.J 


do 


Jordon, E. C 


do 


Woodard,J. E... 


do 


Kees, G. W 


do 


Wheeler, J. D.. 


. Captain. 



STATE OF KENTUCKY. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Arthur, J. A Captain. Adams, W. C Lieut. 



122 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
KENTUCKY— Continued. 



HkME, RANK. 

Banks, B. V Captain. 

Coleman, S. S Lieut. 

Curtis, R do 

Clements, J do 

Cohen, M Captain. 

Dillon, F.W do 

Dunn, H. C Lieut. 

English, D Major. 

Gunu, T. M Lieut. 

Gross, J. M Captain . 

Heltemus, J. B . . . do 

Jacobs, I, W do 

Kelly, D. A do 

Kautz, I. E Lieut. 

Lucas, John Captain. 

Lovett, L. T do 

Lock, D. R Lieut. 

Moses, H do 

Mead, W.H do 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Morris, J. H Lieut. 

Merrill, H. P Captain. 

Niemager, B. H. Lieut. 

Owens^ W. N Major. 

Pulliam, M. D... Lieut. 

Potter, G. A do 

Riggs, B. T Captain. 

Rogers, A do 

Sheerd, D. G Lieut. 

Swope, C. T do 

Stewart, A. S do 

Scott, R. F do 

String, T. B Captain. 

Thornbury, J. M. Lieut. 

Thorn, R. F do 

Unthank, C. L... Captain. 

West, J. H do 

Williams, M. T.. Lieut. 
Young, T.B do 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY 



NAME, 



RANK. 



Appleget, A. S... Lieut. 
Allen, Robert....; do 

Bulow, A do 

Baldwin, C.W... do 



NAME RANK. 

Bradford, John.. Lieut. 

Crocker, H do 

Donovan, J do 

Downs, C do 





ArPEMDIX. 


123 




NEW JER 


S E Y —Contiiimd. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Drake, J. M.... 


.. Lieut. 


Kissam, Edgar.. 


. Captain. 


Elkin, J. L. F. 


.. Adjutant. 


Maltison, A. C... 


do 


Furgerson, J.... 


.. Lieut. 


Oliphant, D 


. Lieut. 


Flannery, D 


do 


Parker, J 


. Captain. 


Fowler, H. M... 


do 


Peters, G 


. Lieut. 


Heston, H 


do 


Romaine, L 


do 


Johnson, J. D. 


. . Captain. 


Rainear, L 


do 


Keudrick, E.... 


.. Adjutant. 


Schwartz, L, S... 


do 




STA-TE 0¥ 


' MISSOURI. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Baker, S. S...... 


., Lieut. 


Kreuger, W...... 


. Lieut. 


Bad8r,H 


do 


Muri, C 


do 


Diemer, M 


do 


Newbrant, J.F... 


do 


Driscoll, D 


do 


O'Brien, E 


Captain, 


Fritchy, A. W.. 


do 


Pyne, D. B 


, Lieut, 


Fisher, R 


do 


VonHelmrick, G 


. Lt. Col. 


Harris, W 


.. Captain. 


Whitney, M.G... 


Captain, 


Hescock,H 


do 








STATE OF 


WISCONSIN. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Baldwin, M. R., 


.. Captain, 


Butler, W. 


do 


Botts, W. 


.. Lieut. 


Bennett, I 


do 



i24 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 



WISCONSIN — Confinved. 



NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Collins, W. A. 


.... Captain. 


McKinson, H. H 


. Lieut. 


Carperts, L. M 


do 


Munger, T. J.... 


do 


Caldwell, C... 


.... Lieut, 


McKereher, D... 


Colonel. 


Dahl, 0. R 


do 


Mclntyre, . 


. Captain. 


Dickerson, E., 


do 


Ogden, J 


. Lieut. 


Ellinwood, W. 


B do 


Prattsmau, C. A. 


do 


Ewen, M 


.... Captain. 


Pope, W. A 


do 


Fail-child, H... 


... Lieut. 


Parsons, W.N... 


Major. 


Gates, A. L... 


do 


Perry, F. M 


, Captain. 


Grant, A 


... Captain. 


Robbins, H 


do 


Hobart, M. C. 


do 


Sandon, W 


. Lieut. 


Holmes, A. J., 


do 


Western, C. S.... 


do 


Hall, C 


... Lieut. 


Warren, J- W.., 


do 


Morgan, C. H. 


do 


Watson, W. L.. 


do 


McGnider, W. 


H do 








STATE OF 


MINNESOTA 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Ford,E.W 


... Captain. 


McLane, .. 


. Lieut. 


Hall, A. M.... 


.... Lieut. 


Medenlioften,C.. 


do 


Lane, L. M... 


do 


Tiffany, A. W.. 


do 



STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



NAME, 



RANK. 



NAME 



RANK. 



Buctley, H Lieut. 

Duven, J do 

Denimick, O. W. do. 
Drew, G. H do 



Roberts, G Lieut. 

Tilbrand, H Captain. 

rf.,-^<i Wilcox, C. W Lieut, ^^...o 





APPENDIX. 


125 




MISCELLANEOUS. 




NAME, 


RANK. 


NAME, 


RANK. 


Bartley,R 


. Lieut. 


Love, J. E 


Captain. 


Bischoff, P 


do 


Molton, H 


Lieut. 


Brady, W.H 


do 


Montgomery, rh 


do 


Benson, A. N.... 


. Captain. 


McCafferty, N. J. 


do 


Brown, S 


. A. M. M. 


McClure, T. ^V. 


do 


Califf, B. F 


. Lieut. 


Murry, S. F 


Captain. 


Conn, E 


do 


Nash, w. H 


do 


Dewees, T. B.... 


do 


Nolan, L 


do 


Eagan, John 


do 


Perrin, J 


Adj't. 


Edwards, T. D.. 


. As'ntEng. 


Pettijohn, D. B... 


, Lieut. 


Elder, S. S 


. Captain, 
do 


Reid, J.A 


do 


Eastmond, , 


Spaulding, E. J.. 


do 


Fielder, J 


do 


Shaffer, H.C 


do 


Fortescue, L. R. 


. Lieut. 


Stoughton, H. R 


. Lt. Col. 


Jones, H 


do 


Wilson, R.P 


Lieut. 


Kerin, J 


do 


York, E.D 


do 



COLORED TROOPS. 



Baird, Wm Lieut. 

Bowley, F. S do 

Beecham, R. K... do 
Barnum, S. D.... Captain. 

Case, M. B Lieut. 

Downing, H. A. do 

Daniels, E. S Captain, 

Griffin, T Adj't 

Hand, S. P Lieut. 



Hill,0. M Lieut. 

Latimer, EC Captain. 

Mix, W. H Lieut. 

Raynor,A. J do 

Robinson, C Captain. 

Shull, J. F Lieut. 

Smith, S. B do 

Scott, D. W Captain. 

Sanders, C. B Lieut. 



126 



WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 
COLORED TROOPS- Continued. 



NAME, RANK. 

Simondson, P. A. Lieut. 

Ward, T. H do 

Wlieaton, J do 

Christopher, J... Captain. 
Cochran, M. A... do 
Causten, M, C... Lieut. 

Cord, T. A do 

Durnam, T. J do 

Freeman, H. B.. do 

Gray, R. H do 

Gates, R. C do 

Gageby, J. H do 

Galloway, ... do 

Hart, R. K Captain. 

Huntington, E. S Lieut. 



NAME, RANK. 

Kendall, T do 

Laird, J. O do 

Murphy, J do 

Mackey, J. T do 

Nelson, W,H do 

Noggle, C. L do 

Nealy, O. H do 

Netlerville, W. M do 

Plase, W. B Captain. 

Pierce, G. S do 

Rowley, G. A Lieut. 

Smythe, W. H... do 

VonValack,D.D. do 

Teneycks, S do 



11* 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 129 



Hailroa«i<>). 

— T o— 

Via, 

CHICAGO, BUHllfyGTOM ^ QUmCV, 

AND 

Burlington & Missouri River R, B, 

TWO Trains Daily between — 

Chicago, 

Burling-ton, 

Ottixm wa 5 

Osceola 

X>es]VXoiness5 

And Western Terminus of B. & M. R. R., where Conuectio)i' 
are made with the Coaches of the WESTERN 8TAGE CT)iM- 
PANY. 



fi^^Buy Tickets via. BURLINGTON."%Ja Faie as low 
and time as quick as by any other route. 

L. Carper, ) f C. E. Perkins, 

Gen. Pass. Agent, j j Supt B. & M. IL R. 



ISO AVilAT I SAW IN DIXIE, ETC. 



O. B. MAXWELL &, CO., 

Oansville, I^ivingfston Co., IST. ^^-? 

WHOI-ESALE AND KETA3L DEALERS IN 

VISES, SHRUBS, &C. 

lAlE Cultivate only— 

The Best Leading Varieties, 

And such new sorts as have been thoroughly tested, and are 
recommended by Competent Authority. 

Of these we are prepared to fill orders 
By the Dozen ^ Hundred or Thousand, 



iJgrDESCRIPTiVE CATALOGUE and Price-List fur- 
nished on a}>prication. 

All Communications should be addressed to — 

O. B. MAXWELL & CO., 

Ilf€9nsrilfc, Xiv. Co., .'V. »*. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 131 



Palesit ESoofiug. 



Clieap and I^ixr-alile I 



CRYSTAL ROCK, FIRE 

And Water 'Proof 




PATEi^TED BY JNO. H. HOOD. 

THE Inventor prides liimseli iu saying that he is convinced tliat lie 
has, by a combination of inj^redicnts used in the manufacture of 
Roofing material, succeeded in producing the 

Cheapest, Neatest, and Most Impervious Roofing 

Cement ever invented. He is snfisfied that as a Fire and Water Proof 
Roofing it has no equal, as it resists perfectly the action of water, the ex- 
treme heat of simimer and the frosts of winter. 

It is already in use on many buildings, and in no case h;is it failed in 
giving perfect satisfaction. 

It is also being extensively used, at a trifling cost, as a Coating for 
Shingled Roofs, to prevent them from talking fire from sparks, and at the 
same time making tliem as 

I^^Individual, Town, County and St;ite Rights for Sale. 
Manufactured and for sale bv the 

Dan.syille, Liviugston Co., N. T. 

CertifiCRtes. — We, the undersigned, hereby certify that we have 
used JOHN H. HOOD'S Patent Fire and Water-Proof Roofing, and con- 
sider it by far the most perfect Roofing in use. 

J. J. & M. 0. Robinson, Druggists, Col. S. W. Smith, Hon. J. B. Morey, 
Robbins & Poore, Publishers, HnghMcJartney, Esq., all of Dansville. 

L B Field, Supervisor, D. D. McNair, late Supervisor, West Sparta. 

{^"Address all orders to 

THOS. £.. PERUVE, Oen'l Agent, 

JDansville^ Z^iv, Co., Jt*. H*. 



l;)2 WHAT I SAW IN DIXIE, KTC. 



HeaSth IiisSitntion. 



'm Honig on Ik Silt^ib, 

Daiisi'ille^ Livhiyston Co., JS\ Y. 



Tills lubtitution is the largest Hygiouic Water Cure at prtscLt esinting 
ill the world. It is presided over by, and is under the medical man- 
agement of, Dr. James C. .lACKt-ON, who is the discoverer of the Psycho- 
Hygienic method of treating the sick, and nnder the application of which 
he has treated nearly — 

^0,000 P»er«ons r 

lu the laat twenty year.s. with most eminent success, and mthout ffwbiii ar,;/ 
of them any Medicine. 

The I'sychoHj'gienic philosophy of treating the sick — no matter what 
their age, sex, or disease, consists in the use of those means only as reme- 
dial agencies, whose ordinary or legitimate effect on the human living body 
when taken into or applied to it, is to pn-t^erve its health. The fallacy of 
giving poisonous medicines to Invalids has been abundantly shown in 
Our Home in the results of our treatment 

Our Institution is large enough to accommodate 250 guests ; is, after the 
plan adopted by us, complete in all its appointments — having worth}' and 
intelligent helpers in all its departments of labor, and who give their pro- 
portion of sympathy and influence to the creation and maintenance of a 
sentiment and opinion cheering to the invalid, and therefore decidedly 
therapeutic in its effects. 

THE SCENERY 

About the Establishment is very beautiful, the air is dry and veiy sulu- 
brious ; we have plenty of sunshine, and pure, soft, living vvater in great 
abundance. Besides all these, and which we prize as one of the highest 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 13^ 



privileges and Health-giving opportunities our guests could possibly have, 
we live oiirgelves, and so can enable them to live, free from Fashion and 
her expensive and ruinous ways. Life with us is simple, not sybartic ; is 
true, not hollow and false, — and so of itself tends tfj its own perpetuation, 
and of course to health . 

A great many of our guests who have for years been great gufferers, — 
growing steadily more and more sickly, begin to get well, and go on get 
tirjg well in such silent yet sure, in such imperceptible yet certain ways, as 
never to be conscious how it was brought about. The means used seem so 
utterly incommensurate to the results produced, that it seems .marvelous. 
So true is it that in ISature 

"God's mightiest things 
Are His simplest things.'' 

and that to understand hoiv things are done, one needs to cultivate a teach- 
able spirit, and lo cberish reverence for Law. To teach those who come to 
us for treatment what the laws of life are, and to awaken in them the de- 
sire to obey these laws, is to establish a most favorable condition -precedent 
to their recovery. 

Sick ones, whoever you are, or wherever you are, do jou want to get 
well? And to learn how to keep your health, having got well ? Come to 
Our Home if you can, and once here learn the all important lesson that 

" Nature as a mistress is gentle and holy, 
And to obey Her is to live." 

Circulars of the Institution, 

Or any information in regard to it, may be obtained by addressing either 
James C. Jackson, M. D., Miss Harriet N. Austin, M. D., or Dr. James H. 
Jackson. 

These Physicians may also be consulted by letter by the sick who are 
uuab'e to attend the establishment. 

Fee for home prescription, So, 00. 



HARRIET N. AUSTIN, ) 
JAMES H. JACKSON, > 
lUCRETIA E, JACKSON, j 



AUSTIN, JACKSON & CO,, 
Proprietors^ 



134 WHAl f .-i.vW 1>- i>lXIE, ETC. 



GALESBURG WATER CURE, J^R HY8!EI\!E HOME. 

(^^HE method of tretiting dis'<:asi-s adoptotl at this liiBtitution is uiig- 
f^^ ioal with its rhyi^ioiau-in-Ghicl, and differs widely fiom the Tedious 
\$J Routine usually fnilywed at Water (JureB. 

^/^ H McOall, M D., after a long :ic!.I aa t'Xteusive I'ractice — both in 
Js^ Acute and Chronic diseases — lias evolved a mode of treatment by 
which he f^killfully couibiues the use of Vapor Baths, Water Tieiitment, 
Electiicity, Sweedish Movfm<-nts, 

LIGHT AND HEAVY GYMNASTICS, 

Rest, Recreation, Pure Air, Sunshine, a proper Dit-taiy Regimen, Good So- 
cial Influences, etc , etc., and prescribing to each Ritient snch treatment 
as their individual cases merii. ; he quickly succeeds in breaking up Inter- 
nal Congestions, rousing the .system to expel ettete aud poisonous matter, 
and awakening: the torpid or over worked organs t■^ renewed and healthy 
action. The D(x;tor never delays till to-morrow what can he done to day. 
Nor does he compel Nature to perform witiiout assii-tance the labor which 
should legitimately he done by the Piiysiciaa. His Theory is to put the 
patient on the road to health at once by Active Treatment, and uot be con- 
tent with simple water treatment and waiting for mouths, and years, until 
struggling nature is comjjelled to make those violent and exhaustive efforts 
for the relief of the paiient, which are familiarly known as Crise,';, p.nd oc- 
cur in the form of boils, rashes, eruptions, dinrrhoeas, fevers, flyiog pains, 
nervous prost' atiou, restlessness, etc. , etc. The Deterging Treatment is 
followed by as great an amount of active exercise as patients can bear with- 
out a waste of vitality, and they soon find themselves gaining in strength 
and weight ; their old troubles gradually yield to normal conditions , pro- 
lapsed organs resume their natural positions ; despondency and gloom give 
place to buoyancy of spirits, and they are enabled to return to tiieir homes 
restored in health, restored to friends, to the world, to labor, and the de- 
mands of Christianity. To be sick is a terrible misfortune ! To be well, 
that we may labor, a glorious bocm ! 

Young men, suffering from Nervous Dc-bility, will find we possess advan- 
tages for their treatment not offt-red by any other Institution in the coun- 
ry. Special attention given to Female diseases— kind and comjDetent lady- 
assistants always in attendance. 

Our Gymnasium is furnished with a HYGEOMETER — a machine recently 
invented by Dr. Lawrence — that combines the essential properties for ef- 
fecting a Perfect Physical Development which are ofl:'ered by the machines 
of Dio Lewis, Windship, Butler, and Taylor respectively. {^Orders solic- 
ited ; can be forwarded by Kxpress. Price — $45,00. 

|^°For our terms for Board and IVeatment, and other information, 
Address H. McCALL, M. D., 

Or, McCALL, MILI;ER & Co. Galesbnrg, Ills. 



ADVERTISKMK^TS. 135 
1:1. K A. l^TTIJi I^K. A C TS. 

By JaiH^s ('. Jacltson, M. D., luu! Miss Harriot N. Austin, M. B. 

1 How to Rear Beautiful Children 8 cts. 

2 How to Cure Drunkards 8 " 

a How to take Baths 8 " 

i Tobacco ; and its Eli'ect upon the Health and 

Character of those who use it 15 " 

o Diptheria ; its Causes, Treatment and Cure 8 " 

(> The American Costume ; or Woman's Right to 

Good Health 8 " 

7 Fle.sh as Food; or How to Live without Meat... 8 " 

8 Dyspepsia; or how to have a Sound Stomach 8 " 

9 Student Life ; or hoAv to work the Brain without 

over-working the Body 8 " 

10 The Curse Lifted ; or Maternity made Easy 8 " 

11 Piles and their Treatment 8 " 

12 The Gluttony Plague 8 " 

V,\ Wife Killing 8 " 

14 Shall our Girls live or Die 8 " 

15 How to Nurse the Sick 8 " 

16 How to get Well and how to keep Well 8 " 

17 The Four Drunkards 6 " 

Sefti containing one of each $J,00. 

Health Reformer's Cook Book — 3Ir.% Dr. Jachon, 30 cts. 
Dancing ; Its evils and bencHts — Di: Jachon, - - 10 " 

J#"These AVf. kept for sale 'oy 

AUSTIN, JACKSON & CO., 

IPesnsciSli^^ E,iv, Co,, JV, Jr., 

f if.prietor.s of "Our Home ou thf Hiiiside." g^'8e« pages 132— 133, 



AUSTIN, JACKBON & CO. are also publishers ..f the Laws of Life, a 
Health and Temperauce Joiuual, edited by Miss H. N. Austin, m. d., Jameh 
C. Jackson, m. d , and Dr. James H Jacrson They will send specimen 
copies free to ;iny person applying and neiidiug stamp to prepay postage. 




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31XT£EN MONTHS 



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BY ADJUTANT S. H. M. BTEltS. 




OANSVIllE, NEW-YORK! 

ROBBIJJS A POOftE, PRINTEK8, EXPRESS PRIKTING HOUSE. 

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